Table 2.

The resolution for high rates of antimicrobial resistance and utilisation and unresolved issues during the COVID-19 pandemic

Issue	Resolution	Unresolved
High antimicrobial resistance	•Infection control measures: mask wearing and good hand hygiene practice •Implementation of infection prevention bundle care within hospital •Increased awareness of HCWs •Consistent monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns	•Immense COVID-19 burden on HCWs •Lack of appropriate kit for early detection of antimicrobial resistance
High antibiotic utilisation	•Appropriate use of antibiotics according to antibiotic stewardship •Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics for mild COVID-19 patients	•Lack of biomarker to differentiate bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 infection •Lack of laboratory method for early detection of co-pathogen in severe COVID-19 patients

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HCW, healthcare worker; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.