Table 2.

Multivariable linear regression analysis assessing Mediterranean diet adherence and COVID-19 cases and deaths between Countries^‡ adjusted for well-being factors.

	Cases†				Deaths†
	β	SE	p-Value	Adj. R2	β	SE	p-Value	Adj. R2
Univariate Model			0.738	−0.042			0.817	−0.047
MAIa	−0.358	1.057	0.738		−0.024	0.102	0.817
Multivariate Model			0.121	0.343			0.004*	0.768
MAIa	−1.487	2.685	0.593		−0.597	0.176	0.010*
Incomeb	8.3e-05	1.3e-04	0.526		2.6e-06	7.8e-06	0.745
Educationc	−0.013	0.006	0.073		−0.014	0.003	0.003*
Housingd	0.001	0.273	0.958		0.065	0.018	0.009*
Environmente	−0.161	0.010	0.126		−0.037	0.005	0.001*
Life satisfactionf	2.576	1.573	0.136		0.298	0.097	0.016*
Physical inactivityg	0.066	0.076	0.406		5.2e-03	4.8e-03	0.318

^‡Countries; Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States.

^†Cases and deaths were normalized to the population in the regions.

^*Significant results (P < 0.05).

^aMAI, Mediterranean Adherence Index Scores.

^bIncome; Household disposable income per capita (in real USD PPP).

^cEducation; Share of labor force with at least secondary education (%).

^dHousing; Number of rooms per person (ratio).

^eEnvironment; Estimated average exposure to air pollution in PM2.5 (μg/m³), based on satellite imagery data.

^fLife satisfaction; Average self-evaluation of life satisfaction on a scale from 0 to 10.

^gPhysical inactivity: Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18+ years (age-standardized estimate).