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. 2021 Mar 5;12:623430. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623430

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Copyright © 2021 Fraser, Denney, Antanaviciute, Blirando, Vuppusetty, Zheng, Repapi, Iotchkova, Taylor, Ashley, St Noble, Benamore, Hoyles, Clelland, Rastrick, Hardman, Alham, Rigby, Simmons, Rehwinkel and Ho

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Amplified response to type I IFN stimulation in monocytes from IPF. (A–C) Correlation of CD64 mRNA expression levels in IPF monocytes with ISG15 and MX1 levels; and between ISG15 and MX1 (C). (D–N) ISGs, IFNB1 and IFNAR expression in freshly isolated IPF monocytes vs HC, using qPCR. Results were expressed as relative gene expression - 1,000/2^(CT of target gene−CT of housekeeping genes). (O–V) Increased levels of ISG, STAT1, IFNA, and IFNB mRNA expression in IPF monocytes after culture in recombinant type 1 IFN for 18 h. Fold change refers to change over unstimulated values for that patient’s monocytes.