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. 2021 Mar 5;9:607911. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.607911

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Copyright © 2021 Huang, Schmid, Yin, Zhang, Wu, Yang, Ruan, Jiang, Wu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The combined effect of fixed screen use and outdoor activity from 1 to 3 years of age on preschool myopia. (A–C) Present the combined effects of frequency, duration of outdoor activity, the overall outdoor factors, and screen use on myopia after adjusting for children's age, gender, maternal age at childbirth, monthly household income, and parental history of myopia. Compared with children who had not been exposed to screens and had a high level of outdoor activity, children who were reported to have exposure to fixed screen devices and a low frequency of outdoor activity had an increased prevalence of myopia. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.