Figure 2.

Relative risks (95% CIs) of overall adverse outcome events in ACEI/ARB users compared to non-users in selected population subgroups. ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; CI, confidence interval; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019. ¹Overall adverse outcome events include all-cause mortality, use of mechanical ventilation, admission to intensive care unit, sepsis, or the occurrence of respiratory events. ²Relative risks were adjusted for age, sex, CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, diabetes, CVD, and respiratory disease. ³To make IPTW, age at cohort entry, sex, income level, CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, medical history (including diabetes, CVD, stroke, other cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, respiratory disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, thromboembolism, and dementia), comedications (including other antihypertensives [calcium channel blockers, diuretics, β-blockers, and alpha blockers], antidiabetics, antibiotics, antiarrhythmics, antiplatelets, anticoagulants, lipidlowering agents, and antianginal agents), dialysis, and the duration of hypertension (<1, ≥1 and <3, ≥3 and <5, and ≥5 years).