Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis with a redefined exposure risk window of 180 days preceding cohort entry for the RRs of clinical outcomes in ACEI/ARB users compared to non-users among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with hypertension
| Variables | No. of patients | Events, n (%) | Unweighted model |
IPTW model1 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)2 | Crude RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)2 | |||
| All-cause mortality, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, sepsis | ||||||
| Non-use | 523 | 23 (4.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ACEIs or ARBs use | 767 | 28 (3.7) | 0.83 (0.48, 1.44) | 0.79 (0.45, 1.38) | 0.68 (0.49, 0.94)* | 0.65 (0.46, 0.90)* |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| Non-use | 523 | 12 (2.3) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ACEIs or ARBs use | 767 | 10 (1.3) | 0.57 (0.25, 1.32) | 0.52 (0.22, 1.22) | 0.45 (0.27, 0.74)* | 0.41 (0.25, 0.68)* |
| Respiratory events3 | ||||||
| Non-use | 523 | 92 (17.6) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ACEIs or ARBs use | 767 | 142 (18.5) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.37) | 1.08 (0.77, 1.32) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) |
RR, relative risk; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit.
To generate IPTW, age at cohort entry, sex, income level, CHA2DS2-VASc score, medical history (including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, other cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, respiratory disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, thromboembolism, and dementia), comedications (including other antihypertensives [calcium channel blockers, diuretics, β-blockers, and α-blockers], antidiabetics, antibiotics, antiarrhythmics, antiplatelets, anticoagulants, lipid-lowering agents, and antianginal agents), dialysis, and duration of hypertension (<1, ≥1 and <3, ≥3 and <5, and ≥5 years) were used.
For the adjusted RR, multivariable Poisson regression was used and adjusted for age, sex, CHA2DS2-VASc score, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease.
Respiratory events included acute respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia, and respiratory failure.
p<0.05.