TABLE 2.
Comparison of the research on improving the NA content by means of genetic engineering in oil crops.
| Gene | Donor species | NA/EA content of donor species (%) | Receptor species | NA/EA content of control (%) | Strategy | NA/EA content of transgenic receptor species (%) | Fold change | Substrate in WT and KCS activity | References |
| LaKCS | Lunaria annua | 20/44 | Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) | 0/0 | GAL1:LaKCS | Can catalyze NA/EA synthesis, EA > NA | Increase | Low EA substrate in WT, KCS activity: 20∼30-fold Higher | Guo et al., 2009 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 0.19 ± 0.01/2.0 ± 0.2 | Napin:LaKCS | 4.3 ± 0.5 (the best offspring line 7.6)/13.8 ± 0.8 | 30∼40-fold increase/sevenfold increase | Low EA substrate in WT | ||||
| Brassica carinata | 2.8 ± 0.1/35.8 ± 1.9 | 19.5 ± 3.8 (the best offspring line 30)/ 29.0 ± 2.6 | 7∼10-fold increase/1.2-fold decrease | High EA substrate in WT | |||||
| CgKCS | Cardamine graeca | 46/10 | Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) | 0/0 | GAL1:CgKCS | Can catalyze NA/EA synthesis, EA≈NA | Increase | Low EA substrate in WT, KCS activity: 10∼42-fold Higher | Taylor et al., 2009 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 0.2/2 | Napin:CgKCS | 7∼11/6∼8 | 35∼55-fold increase/3∼4-fold increase | Low EA substrate in WT | ||||
| Brassica carinata | 2.9 ± 0.1/38.5 ± 0.4 | 42.2 ± 1.3 (the best offspring line 44)/ 5.6 ± 0.8 | 15-fold increase/6.9-fold decrease | High EA substrate in WT | |||||
| Brassica napus | 1.1 ± 0.0/56.1 ± 0.0 | 31.3 ± 5.0/21.6 ± 4.0 | 28-fold increase/2.6-fold decrease | High EA substrate in WT | |||||
| LaKCS | Lunaria annua | 20/44 | Camelina sativa | 0/3.4 | Gly-P:LaKCS | 5.9∼12.0/10.5∼11.6 | Increase/3.3-fold increase | Low EA substrate in WT | Huai et al., 2015 |
| LaKCS and AtKCR | Lunaria annua and Arabidopsis thaliana | 20/44 and 0.2/2 | Gly-P:LaKCS + Gly-P:AtKCR | 11.3∼11.8/11.2∼11.5 | Increase/3.3-fold increase | Low EA substrate in WT | |||
| LaKCS and AtHCD | Lunaria annua and Arabidopsis thaliana | 20/44 and 0.2/2 | Gly-P:LaKCS + Gly-P:AtHCD | 10.7∼12.9/11.2∼11.5 | Increase/3.3-fold increase | Low EA substrate in WT | |||
| LaKCS and AtECR | Lunaria annua and Arabidopsis thaliana | 20/44 and 0.2/2 | Gly-P:LaKCS + Gly-P:AtECR | 9.9∼10.0/11.9∼12.5 | Increase/3.6-fold increase | Low EA substrate in WT | |||
| LaKCS, AtKCR and AtHCD | Lunaria annua and Arabidopsis thaliana | 20/44 and 0.2/2 | Gly-P:LaKCS + Dleo-P:AtKCR + Gly-P:AtHCD | 10.0∼10.8/11.4∼12.1 | Increase/3.5-fold increase | Low EA substrate in WT | |||
| MoKCS11 | Malania oleifera | 40/15 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 0.2/2.4 | Phaseolin:MoKCS11 | 5.0/8.0 | 25-fold increase/3.3-fold increase | Low EA substrate in WT | Li et al., 2020 |
| Brassica napus | 1.2/24.4 | 1.2/31.2. | no increase/1.3-fold increase | High EA substrate in WT | |||||
| Camelina sativa | 0.5/3.7 | 2.5/5.1 | 5-fold increase/1.4-fold increase | Low EA substrate in WT |
NA, nervonic acid; EA, erucic acid; GAL1, galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter; Napin, seed-specific napin promoter; Gly-P, seed-specific soybean glycinin-1 promoter; Dleo-P, strong seed specific soybean oleosin promoter; WT, wild-type.