Fig. 2.

Promising ideotypes of root system architectures adapted to abiotic stresses. In each panel A–F, left and right figures represent regular and paddy fields, respectively. Each panel shows schematic models of the ideal root system architecture under a different abiotic stress condition. Plants shown are maize and rice—i.e., representative monocot crops—grown in regular and paddy fields, respectively. N, nitrogen; P, phosphorous. Question marks in the figure mean that no RSA ideotype have been established based on field studies.