Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of the participants.
| Parameter | Control donors | Mild COVID–19 | Severe COVID-19 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic features | ||||
| Sex | F:17–62.9% | F:9–47.4% | F:17–36.9% | 0.098 |
| F: Female | M:10– 37.1% | M:11–52.6% | M:29–63.0% | |
| M: Male | Total: 27 | Total: 19 | Total: 46 | |
| Age (Average-SD) | 35.4 ± 8.8 | 40.7 ± 10.7 | 49.6 ± 13.6 | 2.658 × 10–5 |
| BMI (Average SD) | 26.9 ± 4.3 | 26.9 ± 3.4 | 27.8 ± 3.8 | 0.011 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Overweight | 11/27—40.7% | 3/19—15% | 15/46—32% | 0.195 |
| Obesity | 5/27—18.5% | 3/19—15% | 20/46—42.6% | 0.014 |
| DM2 | 2/27– 7.4% | 2/19—10% | 12/46—25.5% | 0.085 |
| Hypertension | 1/27—3.7% | 1/19—5% | 17/46—36.2% | 5.697 × 10–4 |
| Cardiopathy | 0–0% | 0—0% | 5/46—10.6% | 0.1146 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Temp (ºC) | – | 37.4 ± 0.7 | 37.2 ± 0.8 | 0.095 |
| Hearth rate (bpm) | – | 101.3 ± 19.3 | 103.6 ± 17.0 | 0.680 |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | – | 20.1 ± 3.8 | 25.2 ± 6.5 | 0.002 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | – | 95.1 ± 11.6 | 97.6 ± 14.9 | 0.982 |
| SO2 (%) | – | 94.8 ± 1.4 | 86.5 ± 9.2 | 4.889 × 10–8 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Cough | – | 15/19—75% | 38/46—80.9% | 0.734 |
| Headache | – | 15/19—75% | 24/46—51.1% | 0.055 |
| Fever | – | 16/19—80% | 42/46—89.4% | 0.407 |
| Dyspnea | – | 5/19—25% | 33/46—70.2% | 0.001 |
| Arthralgia | – | 11/19—55% | 26/46—55.3% | 0.999 |
| Myalgia | – | 11/19—55% | 31/46—66% | 0.570 |
| Sore Throat | – | 5/19—25% | 15/46—31.9% | 0.770 |
| Nausea | – | 1/19—5% | 4/46—8.5% | 0.999 |
| Diarrhea | – | 2/19—10% | 10/46—21.3% | 0.483 |
| Fatigue | – | 9/19—45% | 20/46—42.5% | 0.790 |
| Arterial blood gases | ||||
| FiO2 (%) | – | – | 27.9 ± 12.6 | |
| pH art | – | – | 7.33 ± 0.2 | |
| Arterial PO2 (mmHg) | – | – | 83.7 ± 43.2 | |
| Arterial PCO2 (mmHg) | – | – | 28.9 ± 3.7 | |
| HCO3 (mmol/L) | – | – | 21.4 ± 2.8 | |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | – | – | 1.67 ± 0.9 | |
| PAFI | – | – | 265.7 ± 104.3 | |
| Anion gap (mmol/L) | – | – | 14.3 ± 2.4 | |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | – | – | 134.04 ± 76.2 | |
| CRP (mg/dL) | – | – | 13.3 ± 8.4 | |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | – | – | 555.3 ± 408.2 | |
| DHL (U/L) | – | – | 373.07 ± 162.8 | |
| ALT (U/L) | – | – | 39.06 ± 36.5 | |
| AST (U/L) | – | – | 41.6 ± 29.7 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | – | – | 0.97 ± 0.3 | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | – | – | 3.99 ± 0.8 | |
P-value for Kruskal–Wallis, U, cχ2 or Fisher exact test.