Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and biological features of patients with venous thrombosis and eosinophilia.
| All patients n = 54 | VT-restricted eosinophil-related organ involvement n = 14 | Systemic eosinophil-related organ involvement n = 40 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||
| Male | 33 (61) | 10 (71.4) | 23 (57.5) | 0.358 |
| Age at VT (years) | 54 [32 – 70] | 62 [29 – 73] | 51 [33 – 68] | 0.567 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 8 (15) | 2 (14) | 6 (15) | 0.948 |
| Active smoking | 11 (20) | 4 (29) | 7 (17.5) | 0.376 |
| History of atopy | 10 (18.5) | 3 (21) | 7 (17.5) | 0.745 |
| Arterial hypertension | 12 (22) | 3 (21) | 9 (22.5) | 0.943 |
| Congestive heart failure | 7 (13) | 2 (14) | 5 (12.5) | 0.864 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (11) | 3 (21.4) | 3 (7.5) | 0.154 |
| Autoimmune disease | 12 (22) | 3 (21) | 9 (22.5) | 0.934 |
| Other risk factors for VTE | ||||
| ≥ 1 moderate risk factor for VTEa | 11 (20) | 3 (21) | 8 (30) | 0.909 |
| ≥ 1 weak risk factor for VTEa | 18 (33) | 7 (50) | 11 (27.5) | 0.188 |
| VT characteristics | ||||
| VT as first clinical manifestation | 29 (54) | 14 (100) | 15 (37,5) | < 0.001 |
| Multiple VT | 22 (41) | 8 (57) | 14 (35) | 0.147 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 28 (52) | 7 (50) | 21 (52.5) | 0.872 |
| Lower-limb DVT | 20 (37) | 8 (57) | 12 (30) | 0.070 |
| Lower-limb DVT subtype | 0.852 | |||
| Proximal DVT | 12 (22) | 5 (36) | 7 (17.5) | – |
| Distal DVT | 8 (15) | 3 (21) | 5 (12.5) | – |
| Subhepatic vein thrombosis | 6 (11) | 1 (7) | 5 (12.5) | 0.583 |
| Portal vein thrombosis | 5 (9) | 0 (0) | 5 (12.5) | 0.165 |
| Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis | 2 (4) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) | 0.015 |
| Others* | 15 (28) | 3 (21) | 12 (30) | 0.538 |
| Classification of eosinophil-related disorders | 0.161 | |||
| Clonal | 6 (11) | 1 (7) | 5 (12.5) | – |
| Reactive | 8 (15) | 2 (14) | 6 (15) | – |
| Lymphocyte variant HES | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | – |
| Overlapping** | 9 (17) | 0 (0) | 9 (23) | – |
| Idiopathic | 31 (57) | 11 (79) | 20 (50) | – |
| Eosinophil-related organ involvements | ||||
| Number of affected organs (besides VT) | 1 [0.25–2] | – | 2 [1,2] | NA |
| Lungs | 17 (31.5) | – | 17 (42.5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic asthma | 11 (20) | – | 11 (27.5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic pneumonia | 9 (54) | – | 9 (22.5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic pleural effusion | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Skin | 14 (26) | – | 14 (35) | NA |
| Thromboangiitis obliterans-like disease | 3 (5.5) | – | 3 (7.5) | NA |
| Biopsy-proven eosinophilic vasculitis | 3 (5.5) | – | 3 (7.5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic fasciitis | 2 (4) | – | 2 (5) | NA |
| Erythroderma | 2 (4) | – | 2 (5) | NA |
| HiIves | 2 (4) | – | 2 (5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic cellulitis (Well’s diseasesyndrome) | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Kimura’s disease | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Eczema-like lesions | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Gastrointestinal tract | 7 (13) | – | 7 (17.5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic gastroenteritis | 5 (9) | – | 5 (12.5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic oesophagitis | 2 (4) | – | 2 (5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic cholangitis | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Lymph nodes | 7 (13) | – | 7 (17.5) | NA |
| Heart | 7 (13) | – | 7 (17.5) | NA |
| Eosinophilic myo(peri)carditis | 6 (11) | – | 6 (15) | NA |
| Endomyocardial fibrosis | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Intracardiac thrombus | 2 (4) | – | 2 (5) | NA |
| Arterial thrombosis | 6 (11) | – | 6 (15) | NA |
| Peripheral nervous system | 5 (10) | – | 5 (12.5) | NA |
| Mononeuritis | 4 (7) | – | 4 (10) | NA |
| Polyneuritis | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Central nervous system (stroke) | 4 (7) | – | 4 (10) | NA |
| Joints | 2 (4) | – | 2 (5) | NA |
| Kidney | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Urinary tract | 1 (2) | – | 1 (2.5) | NA |
| Main biological features | ||||
| AEC (G/L) at first VT | 3.3 [1.6 – 7.4] | 3.5 [1.4 – 10.4] | 3.3 [1.6 – 7.4] | 0.978 |
| Peak AEC (G/L) | 7 [3–14] | 5.3 [3.2 – 20] | 7.5 [3–14] | 0.784 |
| Polycythemia*** at first VT | 1 (2) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.088 |
| Thrombocytosis**** at first VT | 5 (9) | 1 (7) | 4 (10) | 0.751 |
| Neutrophilia***** at first VT | 14 (26) | 3 (21) | 11 (27.5) | 0.656 |
| C-reactive protein at first VT (mg/L) | 44.5 [8 – 66] | 52 [11 – 68] | 76 [38 – 76] | 0.920 |
| High total IgE levels | 20/31 (64.5) | 5/9 (56) | 15/22 (68) | 0.505 |
| High tryptase levels | 2/32 (6) | 1/10 (10) | 1/22 (5) | 0.551 |
| High vitamin B12 levels | 7/25 (28) | 2/6 (33) | 5/19 (26) | 0.739 |
| FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene | 4 (7) | 1 (7) | 3 (7.5) | 0.965 |
| Aberrant T-cell population | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.5) | 0.560 |
| Initial treatment of VT | ||||
| Anticoagulant therapy | 52 (96) | 13 (93) | 39 (97.5) | 0.429 |
| Vitamin K antagonists | 29/40 (72.5) | 9/12 (75) | 20/28 (71) | 0.817 |
| Direct oral anticoagulants | 8/40 (20) | 1/12 (8) | 7/28 (25) | 0.227 |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | 3/40 (7.5) | 2/12 (17) | 1/28 (4) | 0.150 |
Data are presented as no. (%) or median [IQR], unless otherwise specified.
AEC: absolute eosinophil count; BMI: body mass index; CKD-EPI: chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; IQR: interquartile range; NA: not applicable; VT: venous thrombosis; VTE: venous thromboembolism.
*IgG4-related disease (n = 2), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (n = 6) and bullous pemphigoid (n = 1).
**mesenteric venous thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, common iliac vein thrombosis, DVT of upper extremity, inferior vena cava thrombosis.
*** hemoglobin > 16.5 g/dL for males and > 16 g/dL for females.
**** platelet count > 400 G/L.
***** neutrophil count > 7.5 G/L.
aAccording to Konstantinides et al.8.