. 2021 Mar 18;11:6200. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85666-9

Table 2.

Peak levels of salivary cortisol concentrations and salivary cortisol concentrations calculated as area under the curve (AUC) of newborn calves born from eutocic (EUT, n = 98) and dystocic (DYS, n = 70) deliveries.

Salivary cortisol	Unit	Group		Statistics^b
Salivary cortisol	Unit	EUT	DYS	W	P value
Peak levels	ng/mL	21.7 ± 1.3 (6.7–42.6)	31.6 ± 2.9 (12.4–78.8)	2159	0.009
AUC^a	ng/mL × min	7988 ± 1078 (560.7–37 354)	15 346 ± 2554 (2561–106 428)	2075	0.003

Descriptive statistics are based on means ± SEM (ranges) of non-transformed data.

^aArea under the curve was calculated for the first 48 h after delivery.

^bStatistical significances for response parameters of the HPA axis are based on results from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test with continuity correction. W = Wilcoxon value; the sum of the ranks in one of both groups.