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. 2021 Mar 18;11:6271. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84501-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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MiRNA expression profiles in exosomes isolated from SUDs and HCs. (A) Venn diagram showing overlapping miRNAs between DE-miRNAs from HCs vs HDPs and DE-miRNAs from HCs vs MDPs. (B) Hierarchical clustering analysis of miRNAs with altered expression among the three groups (p < 5e−02, fold change > 2). Red strip, high relative expression; blue strip, low relative expression; white strip, no change in gene expression. Color intensity reflects the degree of expression increase or decrease. (C) Volcano plot showing DE-miRNAs from HCs vs MDPs with various fold changes and p-values. Vertical line, fold change = 2 (log2 transformed); horizontal line, p = 5e−02 (−log10 transformed). Red dots, p < 5e−02, fold change > 2; green dots, change fold > 2, p < 5e−02; blue dots, p > 5e−02, fold change > 2; gray dots, insignificantly changed miRNAs. (D) Volcano plot showing DE-miRNAs from HCs vs HDPs with various fold changes and p-values. Vertical line, fold change = 2 (log2 transformed); horizontal line, p = 5e−02 (−log10 transformed). Red dots, p < 5e−02, fold change > 2; green dots, change fold > 2, p < 5e−02; blue dots, p > 5e−02, fold change > 2 ; gray dots, insignificantly changed miRNAs. MDPs Exosomes obtained from methamphetamine-dependent patients, HDPs Exosomes obtained from heroin-dependent patients, HCs Exosomes obtained from healthy controls, SUDs substance use disorders.