Table 2.

Median survival in real-world clinical practice and randomized clinical trials.

	Real-world months (95% CI)	Clinical trial months (95% CI)	EE factor median
1L Pembrolizumab
mPFS	8.9 (3.7–14.1)	10.3 (6.7–NR)5	0.85
mOS	15.8 (9.4–22.1)	30.0 (18.3–NR)33	0.45a
2L Nivolumab
mPFS	3.8 (3.0–4.7)	2.3 (2.2–3.4)34	1.61a
mOS	8.2 (5.9–10.6)	12.2 (9.7–15.1)34	0.65

mPFS, median progression-free survival; mOS, median overall survival; EE factor, efficacy-effectiveness factor.

^aSignificantly different (p-values < 0.05) from test value 1.00 (one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test).