Table 1.
Sample characteristics (proportions unless specified otherwise) by chronic pain in CCHS 2015 and PO use status in CCHS 2018.
| CCHS 2015 |
CCHS 2018 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No pain | Any pain | Total | No PO use | Any PO use | Total | |
| Household food insecurity | ||||||
| Food-secure | 0.892 | 0.810 | 0.873 | 0.887 | 0.778 | 0.880 |
| Marginally food-insecure | 0.038 | 0.046 | 0.040 | 0.034 | 0.049 | 0.035 |
| Moderately food-insecure | 0.049 | 0.084 | 0.057 | 0.052 | 0.090 | 0.054 |
| Severely food-insecure | 0.020 | 0.061 | 0.030 | 0.027 | 0.083 | 0.031 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 0.478 | 0.411 | 0.462 | 0.462 | 0.406 | 0.458 |
| Female | 0.522 | 0.589 | 0.538 | 0.538 | 0.594 | 0.542 |
| Mean age (years) | 46.8 | 56.2 | 49.0 | 50.0 | 52.1 | 50.1 |
| Mean age SD | (20.6) | (17.6) | (20.3) | (20.3) | (17.1) | (20.2) |
| Mean household income (Canadian dollars) | 85,800 | 66,600 | 81,300 | 92,600 | 79,300 | 91,800 |
| Mean household income SD | (69,378) | (58,197) | (67,440) | (76,619) | (70,953) | (76,348) |
| Income imputed by Statistics Canada | 0.252 | 0.275 | 0.258 | 0.090 | 0.095 | 0.090 |
| Race-ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 0.839 | 0.870 | 0.846 | 0.819 | 0.868 | 0.822 |
| Black | 0.015 | 0.007 | 0.013 | 0.017 | 0.008 | 0.016 |
| Indigenous | 0.048 | 0.060 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.079 | 0.051 |
| Others | 0.096 | 0.059 | 0.087 | 0.111 | 0.045 | 0.106 |
| Not stated | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | na | na | 0.005 |
| Highest education in household | ||||||
| High school incomplete | 0.089 | 0.139 | 0.100 | 0.088 | 0.088 | 0.088 |
| High school diploma | 0.159 | 0.187 | 0.166 | 0.164 | 0.193 | 0.165 |
| College degree | 0.722 | 0.641 | 0.704 | 0.722 | 0.689 | 0.720 |
| Not stated | 0.030 | 0.032 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.030 | 0.027 |
| Housing status | ||||||
| Renter | 0.247 | 0.310 | 0.261 | 0.262 | 0.348 | 0.266 |
| Homeowner | 0.753 | 0.690 | 0.736 | 0.738 | 0.652 | 0.731 |
| Not stated | na | na | 0.003 | na | na | 0.003 |
| Household type | ||||||
| Couple with children | 0.337 | 0.191 | 0.302 | 0.289 | 0.220 | 0.285 |
| Couple without children | 0.288 | 0.352 | 0.302 | 0.299 | 0.302 | 0.298 |
| Lone parents | 0.087 | 0.080 | 0.085 | 0.086 | 0.097 | 0.087 |
| Others | 0.289 | 0.377 | 0.309 | 0.326 | 0.380 | 0.329 |
| Not stated | na | na | 0.002 | na | na | 0.001 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never smoked | 0.425 | 0.282 | 0.392 | 0.426 | 0.269 | 0.415 |
| Former smoker | 0.407 | 0.482 | 0.425 | 0.410 | 0.445 | 0.411 |
| Current smoker | 0.165 | 0.233 | 0.181 | 0.165 | 0.286 | 0.172 |
| Not stated | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | na | na | 0.003 |
| Past-year alcohol consumption | ||||||
| None | 0.229 | 0.253 | 0.235 | 0.236 | 0.227 | 0.234 |
| Any, up to once a week | 0.476 | 0.480 | 0.477 | 0.485 | 0.517 | 0.486 |
| Twice or more a week | 0.291 | 0.263 | 0.285 | 0.279 | 0.256 | 0.277 |
| Not stated | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | na | na | 0.004 |
| Medication insurance coverage | ||||||
| No | 0.183 | 0.195 | 0.186 | 0.197 | 0.169 | 0.194 |
| Yes | 0.809 | 0.800 | 0.807 | 0.803 | 0.831 | 0.800 |
| Not stated | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.007 | na | na | 0.006 |
| Immigrant status | ||||||
| Canadian-born | 0.848 | 0.878 | 0.854 | 0.824 | 0.881 | 0.826 |
| Immigrant | 0.152 | 0.122 | 0.145 | 0.176 | 0.119 | 0.172 |
| Not stated | na | na | 0.001 | na | na | 0.002 |
| Residence location | ||||||
| Urban | 0.726 | 0.717 | 0.724 | 0.726 | 0.722 | 0.726 |
| Rural | 0.274 | 0.283 | 0.276 | 0.274 | 0.278 | 0.274 |
| Number of respondents | 25,300 | 7600 | 33,000 | 48,000 | 3100 | 51,100 |
Notes: “PO” = prescription opioid. “na” denotes cells with few respondents, which were undisclosed for identity protection purpose. Household income is in Canadian dollar and rounded to $100. Numbers of respondents are rounded to the nearest 100, thus overall sample size may not match the sum of subsamples' sizes. The prevalence differs across pain status for all covariates except “lone parents”, “with medication insurance”, and “rural residence” (p > 0.05). The prevalence differs across PO use status for all covariates except “income imputation status”, “high school diploma”, “couple without children”, “no alcohol last year”, and “rural residence” (p > 0.05).