Figure 3 ∣. How funders consider resources can affect sharing cultures.

a ∣ Researcher work products from multiple groups need to be combined to produce a discovery that improves human health. b ∣ In a system of open sharing, if funders allocate credit without considering sharing behaviour, much of the credit and funding can accrue to the researcher who brings the final component that enables translation. c ∣ Researchers can restrict sharing and negotiate agreements through cliques to enhance the equity of credit distribution, but negotiating agreements is time consuming and may delay or prevent advances. d ∣ Funders who consider the value of shared resources when assessing impact provide a benefit not only to the researcher bringing the final component but also all others on the value chain.