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The expression of TGF-β1 and Smad4 in ESCC and non-cancerous tissues by immunohistochemistry (magnification, ×200). (A) Weakly positive expression of Smad4 in ESCC. (B) Positive expression of Smad4 in non-cancerous tissues. (C) Positive expression of TGF-β1 in ESCC. (D) Negative expression of TGF-β1 in the basal layer of non-cancerous tissues. ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
