Table 3.
Descriptive statistics.
| Variable | Both methods, mean (SD) | SPsa, mean (SD) | VPsb, mean (SD) | |
| Perceived authenticityc | 3.62 (0.67) | 4.02 (0.67) | 3.23 (0.84) | |
| Realnessc | 3.71 (0.79) | 4.13 (0.74) | 3.28 (1.07) | |
| Involvementc | 3.82 (0.66) | 4.03 (0.73) | 3.61 (0.83) | |
| Spatial presencec | 3.35 (0.80) | 3.89 (0.83) | 2.80 (1.05) | |
| Cognitive loadc | 2.88 (0.61) | 2.88 (0.74) | 2.90 (0.69) | |
| Intrinsic loadc | 3.18 (0.68) | 3.20 (0.78) | 3.14 (0.80) | |
| Extraneous loadc | 2.84 (0.65) | 2.82 (0.79) | 2.87 (0.76) | |
| Germane loadc | 2.74 (0.76) | 2.73 (0.88) | 2.76 (0.84) | |
| Diagnostic competences | ||||
| Diagnostic accuracyd | 0.46 (0.18) | 0.51 (0.28) | 0.41 (0.24) | |
| Quantity of evidence generation | 22.26 (4.88) | 29.01 (8.03) | 17.34 (4.21) | |
| Quality of evidence generationd | 0.40 (0.11) | 0.37 (0.18) | 0.43 (0.13) | |
| Control variables | ||||
| Motivation expectancy aspecte | 5.07 (0.91) | 5.10 (0.88) | 5.05 (1.08) | |
| Motivation value aspectc | 4.44 (0.51) | 4.54 (0.54) | 4.34 (0.67) | |
| Conceptual knowledged | 0.65 (0.14) | —f | — | |
| Strategic knowledged | 0.66 (0.15) | — | — | |
aSP: standardized patient.
bVP: virtual patient.
cScale range: 1-5.
dScale range: 0-1.
eScale range: 1-7.
fKnowledge was assessed before taking part in SPs and VPs.