Table 1. Baseline Cadmium and Lead Levels in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study.
| Variable | Participants, No. (%) | Mean (CV)a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cadmium, μg/L | Lead, μg/dL | ||
| Total | 2124 | 0.27 (1.09) | 1.27 (0.63) |
| Baseline tobacco smoke exposure | |||
| None | 964 (45.4) | 0.22 (0.82) | 1.09 (0.59) |
| Low | 499 (23.5) | 0.20 (0.80) | 1.33 (0.60) |
| Moderate | 176 (8.3) | 0.20 (0.75) | 1.49 (0.63) |
| High | 137 (6.5) | 0.23 (0.76) | 1.32 (0.74) |
| Smoker | 348 (16.4) | 0.87 (0.88) | 1.63 (0.59) |
| Incident olfactory impairment | |||
| No | 2040 (96.0) | 0.26 (1.08) | 1.26 (0.63) |
| Yes | 84 (4.0) | 0.33 (1.43) | 1.57 (0.54) |
Abbreviation: CV, coefficient of variation.
SI conversion factors: To convert cadmium to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 8.896; lead to micromoles per liter, multiply by 0.0483.
a
Geometric mean.