Table 3.
Role of probiotic strains in clinical studies to treat NAFLD patients
| Probiotic strain(n) | Studies/Model/ patients |
Study Duration | Outcome after treatment/Main Effects | Year-Author [Ref:] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus rhamanus | 20 Obese children | 8 weeks | Reduce the body weight, alleviate ALT, AST and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels | Vajro—2011 157 |
| Bifidobacterium longum+ Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) | Randomized, double blind and placebo controlled trial, 66 NAFLD (biopsy proven) patients | 24 weeks | Improve TNF-α, C-reactive protein, AST, endotoxin levels, HOMA-IR, liver steatosis and NASH | Malaguarnera—2012 150 |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus (La5), Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb12) | Double-blind, randomized and controlled trial, 72 patients with NAFLD | 8 weeks | Alleviate AST, alanine aminotransferase, serum triglycerides (TC), total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol | Nabavi—2014 158 |
| Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus rhamanus | Randomized, triple blind trial, 64 children with obesity-related liver syndromes(NAFLD) | 12 weeks | Enhance liver function enzymes level, reduced lipopolysaccharide levels, triglycerides | Famouri—2017 149 |
| Probiotic mixture (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus & Enterococcus, B. subtilis and Enterococcus) | 200 NAFLD patients | 1 month | Ameliorate the gut microecological structure in NAFLD patients, decreased serum ALT, AST levels, inhibiting TNF-α level and enhancing adiponectin level. Improved fatty liver, blood lipids and blood glucose level, lipid metabolism and protect liver injury | Wang—2018 57 |
|
Bifidobacterium animalis |
34 NAFLD patients | 24 weeks | Alleviate hepatic steatosis, serum ALT, aspartate aminotransferase level | Bakhshimoghaddam—2018 156 |
| Probiotic mixture | 68 obese NAFLD patients | 12 weeks | Reduce body weight, total body fat, decreased triglyceride, ALT, AST levels | Ahn—2019 159 |
TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-10: interleukin 10; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: c-reactive protein; IR: insulin resistance; HDL-cholesterol: high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides.