Table 3:

Mean operator exposure rate measurements during kyphoplasty (KP), vertebroplasty with a CDS (VP-CDS), and vertebroplasty with syringes (VP-S)

	KP	VP-CDS	VP-S
Needle/device placement	0.81 ± 0.76	1.05 ± 0.89	0.32 ± 0.33
95% CI	0.6–1.0	0.9–1.3	0.2–0.5
Cement delivery	1.74 ± 3.87	2.88 ± 2.71	0.21 ± 0.35
95% CI	0.9–2.6	2.3–3.5	0.05–0.4
Mean total exposure rate	1.14 ± 1.63	1.9 ± 1.53	0.3 ± 0.27
95% CI	0.8–1.5	1.6–2.2	0.2–0.4

Note:— Measurements (μSv/min) include means ± SD.