Fig 3.

Case 3.

A, CT scans shows diffuse atrophy and subtle calcification in the basal ganglia and subcortical region at the bottom of cerebral gyri bilaterally. The subcortical calcification was curvilinear and predominant on the right side.

B–E, Right external carotid angiograms (B–D, lateral projection; E, frontal projection) show dAVF fed by the enlarged middle meningeal (arrow) and ascending pharyngeal arteries with cortical venous reflux (arrowheads).

F, Repeated CT scans after 1 year reveal a more advanced degree of diffuse atrophy and denser subcortical calcification.