Table 2.
Detection of rare RVA strains in humans, 2007–2012.
| Strain | Country | No./freq. | Comment | Refs. | Strain | Country | No./freq. | Comment | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1P[5] | Bangladesh | 1/0.6% | Detected during RV5 trial | Breiman et al. (2012) | G6P[1] | Pakistan | 2/2.7% | Bovine like | Tamim et al. (2013) |
| G1P[9] | Pakistan | 6/3.5% | Iftikhar et al. (2012) | G6P[4] | Belgium | 1/0.9% | Zeller et al. (2010) | ||
| Italy | 1/1% | Grassi et al. (2012) | G6P[6] | Burkina Faso | 13/23% | Nordgren et al. (2012a) | |||
| Taiwan | 1/<0.1% | Hwang et al. (2012) | Burkina Faso | 11/11% | Putative bovine-human reassortant G6-P[6]-I2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 | Nordgren et al. (2012b) | |||
| South Korea | 1/0.3% | Shim et al. (2011) | Niger | 13/2.9% | Page et al. (2014) | ||||
| South Korea | 1/0.4% | Park et al. (2011) | Italy | 1/N.R. | G6-P[6]-I2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 | Ianiro et al. (2013) | |||
| G1P[10] | Gambia | 21/10.2% | Kwambana et al. (2014) | G6P[8] | Belgium | 1/0.9% | Zeller et al. (2010) | ||
| Oman | 3/1.2% | Al Awaidy et al. (2009) | Bangladesh | 1/0.6% | Detected during RV5 vaccine trial | Breiman et al. (2012) | |||
| South Korea | 2/0.7% | Park et al. (2011) | G6P[9] | Tunisia | 1/0.7% | Feline like | Fredj et al. (2012) | ||
| G1P[11] | Estonia | 1/0.8% | Soeorg et al. (2012) | France | 1/0.1% | de Rougemont et al. (2011) | |||
| G2P[3] | Turkey | 1/1% | Tapisiz et al. (2011) | Italy | 1/N.R. | G6-P[9]-I2-A3-N2-T3-E3-H3 | Ianiro et al. (2013) | ||
| G2P[5] | Mali | 1/0.2% | Detected during RV5 trial | Breiman et al. (2012) | Hungary | 7/0.3% | László et al. (2012) | ||
| Australia | 1/0.2% | Detected in an RV5 territory (Western Australia) | Kirkwood et al. (2011) | Slovenia | 2/0.2% | Steyer et al. (2009) | |||
| G2P[9] | South Korea | 1/0.2% | Jeong et al. (2011) | Japan | 2/N.R. | Possible humanbovine-feline reassortant, G6-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T3-E3-H3 | Yamamoto et al. (2011) | ||
| South Korea | 1/0.4% | Park et al. (2011) | G6P[11] | Slovenia | 1/0.1% | Bovine like G6-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T6-E2-H3 | Steyer et al. (2009, 2013) | ||
| G2P[10] | Oman | 3/1.2% | Al Awaidy et al. (2009) | G6P[14] | Spain | 1/0.3% | Cilla et al. (2010) | ||
| Italy | 2/N.R. | Finamore et al. (2011) | France | 1/0.1% | de Rougemont et al. (2011) | ||||
| Italy | 1/1% | Grassi et al. (2012) | Slovenia | 1/0.1% | Steyer et al. (2009) | ||||
| Turkey | 2/2% | Tapisiz et al. (2011) | India | 1/N.R. | Bovine like G6-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 | Mullick et al. (2013) | |||
| China | 1/0.1% | Li et al. (2009) | G8P[1] | Ghana | 1/0.7% | Detected during RV5 trial | Breiman et al. (2012) | ||
| South Korea | 1/0.4% | Park et al. (2011) | G8P[9] | Australia | 2/0.4% | Kirkwood et al. (2011) | |||
| G2P[14] | Gambia | 1/0.5% | Kwambana et al. (2014) | G8P[14] | Spain | 1/0.3% | Cilla et al. (2010) | ||
| G3P[3] | Brazil | 1/N.R. | Canine like | Luchs et al. (2012) | France | 1/0.1% | Bovine like | de Rougemont et al. (2011) | |
| G3P[9] | Madagascar | 1/0.9% | Feline like | Razafindratsimandresy et al. (2013) | Greece | 1/0.8% | Koukou et al. (2011) | ||
| USA | 1/0.4% | Abdel-Haq et al. (2011) | Spain | 1/0.8% | Sánchez-Fauquier et al. (2013) | ||||
| USA | 1/1.2% | Cardemil et al. (2012) | Taiwan | 1/<0.1% | Bovine like | Hwang et al. (2012), Wu et al. (2012) | |||
| USA | 1/0.5% | Hull et al. (2011) | Australia | 1/0.8% | Kirkwood et al. (2009) | ||||
| Canada | 1/7.6% | Feline like | Ward et al. (2013) | Australia | 1/33% | Bovine like | Swiatek et al. (2010) | ||
| Libya | 1/0.6% | Abugalia et al. (2011) | G9P[9] | Tunisia | 1/0.8% | Hassine-Zaafrane et al. (2011) | |||
| Hungary | 9/0.4% | László et al. (2012) | Portugal | 2/0.9% | Antunes et al. (2009) | ||||
| Taiwan | 1/<0.1% | Feline like | Hwang et al. (2011, 2012) | Bulgaria | 1/0.3% | Mladenova et al. (2010) | |||
| China | 1/0.1% | Li et al. (2009) | Slovenia | 1/0.1% | Steyer et al. (2009) | ||||
| South Korea | 1/0.3% | Shim et al. (2011) | Kazakhstan | 1/0.2% | Vainio et al. (2013) | ||||
| China | 1/N.R. | G3-P[9]-I3-R3-C3-M3-A3-N3-T3-E3-H6; Feline/Canine like | Wang et al. (2013) | South Korea | 1/0.4% | Park et al. (2011) | |||
| China | 2/0.5% | Feline like | Wang et al. (2009) | G9P[10] | Oman | 1/0.4% | Al Awaidy et al. (2009) | ||
| G3P[10] | India | 1/N.R. | G3-P[10]-I2-R2-C2-M5-A2-N5-T5-E2-H3; Simian and caprine like | Mukherjee et al. (2012) | Pakistan | 8/4.6% | Iftikhar et al. (2012) | ||
| G3P[14] | South Africa | 1/0.8% | Enweronu-Laryea et al. (2013) | Turkey | 4/4% | Tapisiz et al. (2011) | |||
| G3P[19] | Taiwan | 3/0.2% | Porcine like | Wu et al. (2011b) | G9P[11] | Pakistan | 2/1.1% | Diarrheic children | Iftikhar et al. (2012) |
| G3P[24] | USA | Staat et al. (2011) | Italy | 1/N.R. | Diarrheic child | Finamore et al. (2011) | |||
| G3P[25] | Taiwan | 1/<0.1% | Porcine like | Wu et al. (2011a) | G9P[19] | Taiwan | 1/<0.1% | Porcine like | Hwang et al. (2012) |
| G4P[9] | Portugal | 1/0.5% | Antunes et al. (2009) | G10P[14] | Slovenia | 6/0.7% | Bovine like | Steyer et al. (2009) | |
| G4P[10] | Gambia | 1/0.5% | Kwambana et al. (2014) | Australia | 6/N.R. | G10-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 Bovine/ovine like | Cowley et al. (2013) | ||
| Turkey | 1/1% | Tapisiz et al. (2011) | G10P[15] | China | 1/N.R. | Ovine like | Zhang et al. (2012) | ||
| G5P[6] | Bulgaria | 1/N.R. | G5-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1; possible porcine-human reassortant | Mladenova et al. (2012) | G11P[25] | India | 1/N.R. | Porcine like G11-P[25]-I12-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 | Mullick et al. (2013) |
| Japan | 1/N.R. | Porcine like G5-P[6]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 | Komoto et al. (2013) | South Korea | 1/N.R. | Porcine-human reassortant G11-P[25]-I12-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 | Than et al. (2013) | ||
| Taiwan | 1/<0.1% | Porcine like | Hwang et al. (2012) | G12P[9] | Paraguay | 1/1.6% | Martínez et al. (2010) | ||
| G5P[8] | Turkey | 2/2% | Tapisiz et al. (2011) | Slovenia | 2/0.2% | Steyer et al. (2009) | |||
| G5P[19] | Taiwan | 1/<0.1% | Porcine like | Wu et al. (2011b) | G14P[24] | USA | 1/N.R. | Possible equinehuman-bovine reassortant G14-P24-I9-R2-C3-M3-A9-N3-T3-E3-H6 | Weinberg et al. (2013) |