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. 2021 Feb 4;18(7):1609–1617. doi: 10.7150/ijms.52206

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The effect of RA on angiogenesis and VEGF expression in the HUVECs. (A-D) HUVECs were treated with the indicated concentrations of RA. Then, (A) CCK-8 assay was used to determine cell proliferation. (B) Tube formation assay and CAM assay were applied to evaluate the angiogenic ability of the HUVECs. (D) Western blotting analysis was used to detect the protein level of VEGF. (E) Overexpression of β-catenin abolished the RA-induced anti-angiogenesis effect on the HUVECs. (F) Overexpression of β-catenin increased VEGF levels that had been decreased by RA treatment. *, P < 0.05 vs control; #, P < 0.05 compared with either RA treatment or β-catenin transfection alone.