Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies
| Authors_year | Study design | Sample (upper/lower airway) | Sex (M/F) | Age (years) (SD)† | Samples | Outcomes | Test material | Smoking history (pack/year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyun Jin Min_2017 | Prospective | NAL (upper airway) | 11/7 | 44.41 ± 19.2 | 17 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | ND |
| Shino Shimizu_2016 | Prospective | NAL (upper airway) | 2/4 | 46.16 | 6 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | ND |
| Leonardo Cavone_2015 | Prospective | NAL (upper airway) | ND | ND | 12 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | ND |
| C.Salpietro_2013 | Prospective | NAL (upper airway) | 42/55 | 9.8 ± 4.1 | 97 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | ND |
| Leonarda Di Candia_2017 | Prospective | Sputum (lower airway) | 7/11 | 53.0 ± 3.2 | 18 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (Oxford Biosystems) | 0 |
| Tetsuya Watanabe_2011 | Prospective | Sputum (lower airway) | 7/8 | 42 (31-54) | 15 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | 0 |
| Sadatomo Tasaka_2010 | Prospective | BAL (lower airway) | ND | ND | 6 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | 0 |
| Changchun Hou_2011 | Prospective | Sputum (lower airway) | 22/12 | 44 (25-70) | 34 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (Hyperheal) | 20 (12.5-35) |
| Nassima Ferhani_20101 | Prospective | BAL (lower airway) | 11/9 | 55.3 ± 13 | 20 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | 0 |
| van Zoelen MA_2008 | Prospective | BAL (lower airway) | 10/0 | 32.0 ± 2.5 | 10 | HMGB1 | ELISA using monoclonal Ab | ND |
| Naoki Hamada_2008 | Prospective | BAL (lower airway) | ND | ND | 18 | HMGB1 | ELISA using monoclonal Ab | ND |
| S.F. Seys_2015 | Prospective | Sputum (lower airway) | 7/8 | 19.2 ± 3.6 | 15 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (Mybiosource) | ND |
| Caterina Cuppari_2015 | Prospective | Sputum (lower airway) | 20/20 | 11.0 ± 2.2 | 40 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | ND |
| V. Chirico_2015 | Prospective | Sputum (lower airway) | 15/15 | 23.2 ± 11.3 | 30 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | 0 |
| Hiroshi Kanazawa_2012 | Prospective | ELF (lower airway) | 11/3 | 66 (64-70) | 14 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | 0 |
| M.B. Sukkar_2012 | Prospective | Sputum (lower airway) | ND | 53 ± 21 | 18 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | ND |
| Hui Xu_2017 | Prospective | BAL (lower airway) | 12/18 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 30 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (Chuangxiang Biotech) | ND |
| K. Jakubowska_2015 | Prospective | BAL (lower airway) | 13/2 | 60.1 ± 5.0 | 15 | HMGB1 | Commercial ELISA (IBL by Shino-Test) | ND |
| Mark O. Aksoy_2017 | Prospective | BAL (lower airway) | 8/3 | 51 ± 3 | 11 | HspA5 | Commercial ELISA (R&D Systems) | 0 |
| Changchun Hou_2011 | Prospective | Sputum (lower airway) | 22/12 | 39 (24-70) | 34 | Hsp70 | Commercial ELISA (Hyperheal) | 0 (0-30) |
| Karen L. Wood_2010 | Prospective | BAL (lower airway) | 4/4 | ND | 8 | Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70 | Commercial ELISA (Stressgen) | ND |
| Hyun Jin Min_2017 | Prospective | NAL (upper airway) | 12/5 | 28.9 ± 9.2 | 17 | Hsp70 | Commercial ELISA (R&D Systems) | ND |
†Data are presented as the means ± standard deviations or medians (Q1-Q3).
ND, not described.