Table 6.
Results of univariate ordinal logistic model for the severity of COVID-19.
| Variable | Univariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | Level | OR | 95% CIa | P value |
| Sex | Female | |||
| Male | 1.84 | 0.87–3.97 | 0.11 | |
| Age | 1.08 | 1.05–1.12 | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 0 | |||
| 1 | 2.01 | 0.96–4.29 | 0.065 | |
| Diabetes | 0 | |||
| 1 | 4 | 1.72–9.59 | 0.001 | |
| Heart diseases | 0 | |||
| 1 | 5.33 | 2.16–13.7 | <0.001 | |
| Chronic renal disease | 0 | |||
| 1 | 4.59 | 1.83–12.0 | 0.001 | |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 0 | |||
| 1 | 4.04 | 1.48–11.5 | 0.006 | |
| COPD | 0 | |||
| 1 | 2.18 | 0.64–7.49 | 0.21 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 | |||
| 1 | 3.6 | 1.13–11.9 | 0.03 | |
| Fever | 0 | |||
| 1 | 0.71 | 0.33–1.51 | 0.37 | |
| Diarrhea | 0 | |||
| 1 | 0.37 | 0.11–1.08 | 0.069 | |
| Fatigue | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1.56 | 0.68–3.62 | 0.29 | |
| Cough | 0 | |||
| 1 | 0.8 | 0.38–1.69 | 0.56 | |
| Sputum | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1.17 | 0.31–4.29 | 0.81 | |
| Chest distress | 0 | |||
| 1 | 0.7 | 0.33–1.46 | 0.34 | |
| Dyspnea | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1.61 | 0.75–3.47 | 0.23 | |
| Myalgia | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1.63 | 0.46–5.75 | 0.44 | |
| WBC (*109/L) | <4 | – | – | |
| 4–10 | 0.72 | 0.20–2.75 | <0.001 | |
| >10 | 5.14 | 1.15–24.7 | <0.001 | |
| HB (g/L) | <130 | – | – | |
| ≥130 | 0.19 | 0.07–0.49 | <0.001 | |
| PLT (*109/L) | <125 | – | – | |
| 125–350 | 0.04 | 0.01–0.13 | <0.001 | |
| >350 | 0.22 | 0.04–1.05 | <0.001 | |
| N% | ≤75 | – | – | |
| >75 | 20.9 | 7.96–63.3 | <0.001 | |
| L (*109/L) | <0.5 | – | – | |
| 0.5–1.1 | 0.42 | 0.10–1.61 | <0.001 | |
| >1.1 | 0.03 | 0.01–0.11 | <0.001 | |
| N (*109/L) | <1.8 | – | – | |
| 1.8–6.3 | 1.17 | 0.21–8.97 | <0.001 | |
| >6.3 | 11.7 | 1.86–100 | <0.001 | |
| NLR | 1.22 | 1.14–1.33 | <0.001 | |
| CRP (mg/L) | ≤4 | – | – | |
| >4 | 31.4 | 11.5–97.8 | <0.001 | |
| ESR (mm/h) | ≤20 | – | – | |
| >20 | 7.57 | 3.29–18.5 | <0.001 | |
| PCT (ng/mL) | ≤0.05 | – | – | |
| >0.05 | 17.4 | 6.72–50.9 | <0.001 | |
| ALT (IU/L) | ≤45 | – | – | |
| >45 | 0.44 | 0.15–1.17 | 0.1 | |
| GOT (IU/L) | ≤35 | – | – | |
| >35 | 2.79 | 1.03–7.68 | 0.043 | |
| ALB (g/L) | ≤40 | – | – | |
| >40 | 0.1 | 0.02–0.32 | <0.001 | |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | ≤21 | – | – | |
| >21 | 5.92 | 1.51–26.1 | 0.011 | |
| GLU (mmol/L) | <3.9 | – | – | |
| 3.9–6.1 | 0.17 | 0.03–0.97 | <0.001 | |
| >6.1 | 0.79 | 0.12–4.81 | ||
| BUN (mmol/L) | <2.8 | – | – | |
| 2.8–7.6 | 0.71 | 0.15–3.87 | <0.001 | |
| >7.6 | 8.85 | 1.68–54.8 | ||
| CR (μmol/L) | ≤110 | – | – | |
| >110 | 8.17 | 3.03–23.6 | <0.001 | |
| UA (μmol/L) | ≤357 | – | – | |
| >357 | 0.9 | 0.41–1.93 | 0.78 | |
| CKI (ng/mL) | ≤4.97 | – | – | |
| >4.97 | 9.04 | 2.88–31.2 | <0.001 | |
| Mb (ng/mL) | ≤65 | – | – | |
| >65 | 5.3 | 2.24–13.1 | <0.001 | |
| TNI (ng/mL) | ≤0.04 | – | – | |
| >0.04 | 3.05 | 1.24–7.66 | 0.015 | |
| CK (IU/L) | ≤145 | – | – | |
| >145 | 2.98 | 0.76–12.1 | 0.11 | |
| LDH (IU/L) | ≤243 | – | – | |
| >243 | 12.8 | 5.21–34.6 | <0.001 | |
| PT (s) | ≤13 | – | – | |
| >13 | 9.03 | 3.48–25.2 | <0.001 | |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | ≤0.55 | – | – | |
| >0.55 | 56.7 | 14.9–376 | <0.001 | |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | ≤7 | – | – | |
| >7 | 42.1 | 14.5–144 | <0.001 | |
| IL-2R (U/mL) | <223 | – | – | |
| 223–710 | 2.76 | 0.97–8.73 | <0.001 | |
| >710 | 36.4 | 10.5–147 | <0.001 | |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | ≤62 | – | – | |
| >62 | 54 | 8.66–1058 | <0.001 | |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | ≤8.1 | – | – | |
| >8.1 | 13.9 | 5.73–36.7 | <0.001 | |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | ≤9.1 | – | – | |
| >9.1 | 16.3 | 5.24–57.7 | <0.001 | |
| Consolidation | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1.98 | 0.83–4.98 | 0.13 | |
| GGO | 0 | |||
| 1 | 3.37 | 0.74–23.9 | 0.12 | |
| Subpleural distribution | 0 | |||
| 1 | 0.62 | 0.29–1.30 | 0.21 | |
| Bilateral involvement | 0 | |||
| 1 | 0.65 | 0.17–2.56 | 0.52 | |
| Fibrosis | 0 | |||
| 1 | 2.22 | 1.05–4.76 | 0.037 | |
Statistically significant p < 0.05 values are in bold.
aCI Confidence interval.