Table 5.
Performance of the EQ-5D-3L in screening for depressive symptoms
| Cut-point | Hospital setting (N = 492) | Community setting (N = 400) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 2 | ≥ 3 | ≥ 2 | ≥ 3 | |
| Any depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) | ||||
| EQ-5D-3L Anxiety/depression dimension | ||||
| Sensitivity | 68.9% | 12.2% | 73.5% | 20.4% |
| Specificity | 68.8% | 96.2% | 79.6% | 98.3% |
| LR+ | 2.21 | 3.24 | 3.59 | 11.97 |
| LR− | 0.45 | 0.91 | 0.33 | 0.81 |
| PPV | 48.5% | 57.8% | 33.4% | 62.5% |
| NPV | 83.8% | 72.0% | 95.6% | 89.9% |
| AUROC (95% CI) | 0.70 (0.65, 0.74) | 0.78 (0.71, 0.85) | ||
| EQ-5D-3L index score tertiles | ||||
| Sensitivity | 48.7% | 13.5% | 28.6% | 4.1% |
| Specificity | 28.0% | 61.6% | 36.7% | 69.6% |
| LR+ | 0.68 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.13 |
| LR− | 1.83 | 1.40 | 1.95 | 1.38 |
| PPV | 22.4% | 13.0% | 5.9% | 1.8% |
| NPV | 56.1% | 62.5% | 78.7% | 83.9% |
| AUROC (95% CI) | 0.34 (0.29, 0.39) | 0.30 (0.24, 0.36) | ||
| EQ-VAS score tertiles | ||||
| Sensitivity | 51.0% | 14.3% | 28.5% | 6.1% |
| Specificity | 29.0% | 71.0% | 29.8% | 68.5% |
| LR+ | 0.72 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.19 |
| LR− | 1.69 | 1.21 | 2.40 | 1.37 |
| PPV | 23.5% | 17.4% | 5.3% | 2.6% |
| NPV | 58.1% | 66.0% | 75.0% | 84.0% |
| AUROC (95% CI) | 0.38 (0.33, 0.43) | 0.27 (0.20, 0.33) | ||
| Moderate-severe symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) | ||||
| EQ-5D-3L Anxiety/depression dimension | ||||
| Sensitivity | 76.2% | 17.5% | 85.7% | 35.7% |
| Specificity | 62.4% | 95.4% | 75.2% | 97.2% |
| LR+ | 2.03 | 3.76 | 3.46 | 12.56 |
| LR− | 0.38 | 0.87 | 0.19 | 0.66 |
| PPV | 22.6% | 35.4% | 11.4% | 31.6% |
| NPV | 94.8% | 88.9% | 99.3% | 97.7% |
| AUROC (95% CI) | 0.71 (0.65, 0.77) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.94) | ||
| EQ-5D-3L index score tertiles | ||||
| Sensitivity | 44.4% | 11.1% | 21.4% | 0.0% |
| Specificity | 32.0% | 66.1% | 39.5% | 71.8% |
| LR+ | 0.65 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.00 |
| LR− | 1.74 | 1.34 | 1.99 | 1.39 |
| PPV | 8.6% | 4.5% | 1.3% | 0.0% |
| NPV | 80.0% | 83.8% | 93.3% | 95.2% |
| AUROC (95% CI) | 0.34 (0.28, 0.41) | 0.27 (0.19, 0.36) | ||
| EQ-VAS score tertiles | ||||
| Sensitivity | 45.2% | 8.1% | 28.6% | 7.1% |
| Specificity | 32.1% | 73.0% | 33.6% | 70.8% |
| LR+ | 0.67 | 0.30 | 0.43 | 0.24 |
| LR− | 1.71 | 1.26 | 2.13 | 1.31 |
| PPV | 8.8% | 4.2% | 1.5% | 0.9% |
| NPV | 80.3% | 84.6% | 92.8% | 95.5% |
| AUROC (95% CI) | 0.35 (0.29, 0.42) | 0.29 (0.17, 0.41) | ||
LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; AUROC, area under receiver operating curve; EQ-5D-3L index score tertiles: 2 = quintile 2, 3 = quintile 3. EQ-5D-3L anxiety/depression dimension: 2 = moderately anxious or depressed, 3 = extremely anxious or depressed. PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value. Bolded values indicate the cut-point that maximizes sensitivity and specificity for each component