Table I.
Demographic, Condition-Specific, and Psychosocial Characteristics Included in Analyses
| Demographics | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, M (SD) | 11.43 (2.46) | 13.37 (2.43) | 15.36 (2.43) | 17.57 (2.35) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 64 (45.7%) | — | — | — |
| Female | 76 (54.3%) | — | — | — |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 78 (55.7%) | — | — | — |
| Hispanic | 34 (24.3%) | — | — | — |
| African American | 21 (15.0%) | — | — | — |
| Other | 7 (5.0%) | — | — | — |
| SB type | ||||
| Myelomeningocele | 122 (87.1%) | — | — | — |
| Other | 29 (13.6%) | — | — | — |
| Lesion level | ||||
| Thoracic | 23 (16.4%) | — | — | — |
| Lumbar | 69 (49.3%) | — | — | — |
| Sacral | 41 (29.3%) | — | — | — |
| Unknown/not reported | 7 (5.0%) | — | — | — |
| Shunt status: present | 109 (77.9%) | — | — | — |
| FSIQ, M (SD) | 85.7 (19.7) | — | — | — |
| SOSBMR, M (SD) | ||||
| Youth | 1.97 (.44) | 2.13 (.41) | 2.33 (.37) | 2.44 (.43) |
| Mother | 1.76 (.41) | 1.96 (.44) | 2.07 (.43) | 2.19 (.37) |
| Father | 1.69 (.42) | 1.86 (.47) | 2.02 (.42) | 2.10 (.39) |
| PIMS prosocial skills, M (SD; range) | 3.26 (.40; 2.03-4.07) | — | — | — |
| PIMS positive affect, M (SD; range) | 3.65 (.35; 2.66-4.49) | — | — | — |
| SSRS, M (SD; range) | ||||
| Mother | 1.29 (.30; .43-1.97) | — | — | — |
| Father | 1.27 (.30; .50-1.92) | — | — | — |
| Teacher | 1.31 (.35; 0-2.00) | — | — | — |
Note. Spina bifida characteristics defined by the medical chart. In the case of missing data, mother report of characteristics was used. One participant did not have characteristics reported by the medical chart or mother. SB = spina bifida; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; T1 = Time 1; T2 = Time 2; T3 = Time 3; T4 = Time 4; FSIQ = Full Scale Intelligence Quotient; SOSBMR = Sharing of Spina Bifida Management Responsibilities; PIMS = Peer Interaction Macro-coding System; SSRS = Social Skills Rating System.