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. 2021 Mar 5;8:586875. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.586875

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Copyright © 2021 Levast, Benech, Gasc, Batailler, Senneville, Lustig, Pouderoux, Boutoille, Boucinha, Dauchy, Zeller, Maynard, Cazanave, Le Thi, Josse, Doré, Laurent and Ferry.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Impact of antibiotic duration on the gut microbiota composition. (A) Shannon index distribution (genus level) at the end of treatment and at follow-up (15 days after antibiotic withdrawal) according to antibiotic duration; Wilcoxon test for paired comparison and, Mann-Whitney test for inter-group comparisons. (B) Richness distribution (genus level) at the end of treatment and at follow-up (15 days after antibiotic withdrawal) according to antibiotic duration; Wilcoxon test for paired comparison and, Mann-Whitney test for inter-group comparisons. (C) Correlation between the Shannon index and antibiotic duration at EOT and FU; simple linear regression. Principal coordinate analysis of Bray–Curtis distance at three different times of sampling for (D) patients treated for 6 weeks with antibiotics (41 to 60 days) or (E) 12 weeks with antibiotics (81 to 100 days); permutational multivariate analysis of variance. B, baseline; EOT, end of treatment; FU, follow-up. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.