Fig. 1.

Dehydrogenase activity (μg TPF g⁻¹ soil hr⁻¹) in rhizosphere and bulk soils a) before sowing of crop, b) at maximum tillering c) flowering stage of crop and d) after harvesting of crop under different tillage, residue and crop rotations.

Same upper case letters among the CSA systems and same lower case letters between rhizosphere and bulk soils in each system are not significantly different at P < 0.05 according to Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for separation of mean.