Table 2.
Signal 2 of inflammasome activation system
| Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) | Activators | |
|---|---|---|
| PAMPs | DAMPs | |
| NLRP1 | Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin 125 | NA |
| NLRP3 | - Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin 42 | - ATP and K+ efflux 29, 42, 127 |
| - Gramicidin 42 | - Amyloid-β 43 | |
| - Influenza A virus 59 | - Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals 128 | |
| - Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein, ESAT-6 126 | - Monosodium urate crystals 128 | |
| - Maitotoxin 127 | ||
| - Nigericin 42, 127 | ||
| - Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin 42 | ||
| - Viral RNA 59 | ||
| NAIP-NLRC4 | - Bacterial type III secretion systems 129 | NA |
| - Bacterial flagellin 35 | ||
| - Pseudomonas aeruginosa 130 | ||
| - Salmonella typhimurium 131 | ||
| AIM2 | Microbial cytoplasmic dsDNA 28, 39, 132 | Host cytoplasmic dsDNA 28, 39, 132 |
| Pyrin | Bacterial toxin# 44 | NA |
N/A: No available information.
#Pyrin does not directly bind to bacterial toxin, but requires inactivation of Rho GTPase caused by the toxin 133.