Table 2.
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) | Activators | |
---|---|---|
PAMPs | DAMPs | |
NLRP1 | Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin 125 | NA |
NLRP3 | - Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin 42 | - ATP and K+ efflux 29, 42, 127 |
- Gramicidin 42 | - Amyloid-β 43 | |
- Influenza A virus 59 | - Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals 128 | |
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein, ESAT-6 126 | - Monosodium urate crystals 128 | |
- Maitotoxin 127 | ||
- Nigericin 42, 127 | ||
- Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin 42 | ||
- Viral RNA 59 | ||
NAIP-NLRC4 | - Bacterial type III secretion systems 129 | NA |
- Bacterial flagellin 35 | ||
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa 130 | ||
- Salmonella typhimurium 131 | ||
AIM2 | Microbial cytoplasmic dsDNA 28, 39, 132 | Host cytoplasmic dsDNA 28, 39, 132 |
Pyrin | Bacterial toxin# 44 | NA |
N/A: No available information.
#Pyrin does not directly bind to bacterial toxin, but requires inactivation of Rho GTPase caused by the toxin 133.