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. 2021 Mar 4;11(9):4421–4435. doi: 10.7150/thno.53901

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CK1ε antagonizes the effect of AES on anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, and sphere formation in CRC cells. HT29 cells were infected with the indicated lentivirus. (A) Soft agar colony formation assay was performed to evaluate the anchorage-independent growth. Graphical representation of quantitative data showed the relative number of colonies formed (n = 3). (B and C) Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration (B) and invasion (C). Cells that migrated or invaded cells through transwells were stained and photomicrographed. Right panel: graphical representation of quantitative data showed the relative number of migrated (B) or invaded (C) cells (n = 3). (D) The sphere-forming ability was assessed in HT29 cells. Representative images of sphere formation were presented. Right panel: graphical representation of quantitative data showed the relative number of spheres formed (n = 6). Scale bar, 200 μm. Values are shown as means ± SD. *P < 0.05; Student's t test.