Figure 1.

MARCKS is activated/phosphorylated in response to tobacco smoke. (A) Representative images of MARCKS localization in H292 cells treated with or without 10% cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) for 24 hours, scale bar = 20μm. (B) Quantification of the subcellular localization of MARCKS in response to CSE. Data are from three independent repeated assays; *, p < 0.05. (C) Western blot analysis of total MARCKS and phospho-MARCKS expression in H292, CL1-0, and HBE1 cells exposed to the indicated doses of CSE for 24 hours. β-actin was used as the loading control. PANEL (D-F): Lung tissues from rhesus macaques (n = 5) exposed to filtered air (FA) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) for 6 months were collected and then subjected to IHC staining for MARCKS and phospho-MARCKS expression, respectively. Representative IHC staining images and quantification of bronchial epithelial cells positive for MARCKS (D, F) and phospho-MARCKS (E, F) respectively. ns: no significance; *, p < 0.05, Student's t-test.