Summary of 18 DCCF cases treated by transarterial balloon-assisted n-BCA embolization with internal carotid artery preservation

Patient No./Sex/Age (y)	Indications for n-BCA	Embolizing Agents prior to n-BCA	Volume of n-BCA (mL)	Outcome	Follow-up (mo)
1/M/49	Residual DCCF	Balloon, 2 GDCs	0.5	Cure	25
2/M/40	Residual DCCF	2 balloons, 2 coils	0.7, 0.4	Cure	24
3/M/25	Residual DCCF	4 balloons	0.8, 0.4	Pseudoaneurysm	20
4/M/29	Residual DCCF	2 balloons, 2 GDCs	0.7, 0.4	Cure	18
5/F/39	Residual DCCF	Balloon, 3 GDCs	0.5	Cure	25
6/M/30	Residual DCCF	Balloon, 3 coils	1.3, 0.7, 0.3	Pseudoaneurysm, fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage	1
7/F/38	Recurrent DCCF	Balloon, 1 GDC	0.7	Pseudoaneurysm	12
8/M/19	Recurrent DCCF	Balloon, 2 GDCs	0.6	Cure	20
9/M/53	Recurrent DCCF	2 ballons, 2 coils	0.5	Cure	36
10/F/24	Recurrent DCCF	Balloon, 2 GDCs	0.7, 0.3	Pseudoaneurysm	6
11/M/39	Recurrent DCCF	2 balloons, 2 GDCs	0.6, 0.4	Cure	12
12/M/29	Recurrent DCCF	2 balloons, 3 GDCs	0.6	Cure	5
13/M/28	Recurrent DCCF	Balloon, 3 GDCs	0.5	Cure	24
14/M/50	Puncture balloon	Coil	0.6, 0.4	Cure	12
16/M/22	Puncture balloon	3 GDCs	0.7	Pseudoaneurysm	13
16/F/58	Puncture balloon	2 coils	0.7	Cure	26
17/M/41	Puncture balloon	2 GDCs	0.7, 0.3	Cure	12
18/F/38	Puncture balloon	2 coils	0.9	Recurrence	13

Note:—DCCF indicates direct carotid cavernous fistula; n-BCA, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate; GDC, Guglielmi detachable coil.