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. 2021 Mar 18;21:530. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10393-9

Table 1.

Share of immigrants in the sample by different groups, in %

overall 1st generation 2nd generation culturally different culturally similar
25 88 12 36 64
Top 1 Germany, 17 Germany, 18 Italy, 38 former Yugoslavia, 45 Germany, 26
Top 2 Italy, 16 former Yugoslavia, 16 former Yugoslavia, 18 Turkey, 11 Italy, 26
Top 3 former Yugoslavia, 16 Italy, 14 Portugal, 14 Sri Lanka, 4 Portugal, 19
Top 4 Portugal, 12 Portugal, 12 Spain, 9 Brazil, 3 France, 9
Top 5 France, 6 France, 6 Turkey, 5 Poland, 3 Spain, 6
1st generation 88 91 87
2nd generation 12 9 13
Number of
observations 5446 4771 675 2806 2640

Source: SHS 2012, GMM II 2010, own calculations.

Notes: Culturally different countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Africa, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, former Yugoslavia, Gambia, Georgia, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Venezuela.

Culturally similar countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States