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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Rev. 2020 Aug 24;40(1):109–117. doi: 10.1111/dar.13145

Table 2.

Bivariate association with self-perception of assisting with future injection drug use initiation among who have provided previous injection drug initiation assistance by site (PRIMER; n = 865), n (%)

Tijuana, Mexico (n = 73) San Diego, USA (n = 86) Vancouver, Canada (n = 707)
Would Initiate (n = 24) Would not initiate (n = 49) P Would Initiate (n = 14) Would not initiate (n = 72) P Would Initiate (n = 125) Would not initiate (n = 582) P
Age, years, mean (SD) 40.9 (9.5) 38.3 (11.2) 0.50 50.1 (14.1) 43.6 (12.1) 0.09 40 (13) 43.9 (12.9) <0.01
Sex
 Men 18 (36.7) 31 (63.3) 0.43 11 (18.6) 48 (81.4) 0.85 94 (20.3) 370 (79.7) 0.02
 Women 6 (25.0) 18 (75.0) 3 (13.0) 20 (87.0) 31 (12.5) 210 (87.5)
 Transgender - - 0 (0) 3 (100) - -
Drug injection frequency, last 6 months
 None 1 (20.0) 4 (80.0) >0.99 2 (6.3) 30 (93.7) <0.05 19 (8.1) 216 (91.9) <0.001
 Less than daily 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) 9 (30.0) 21 (70.0) 41 (18.9) 176 (81.1)
 Daily 22 (33.9) 43 (66.1) 3 (12.5) 21 (87.5) 65 (25.5) 190 (74.5)
Relationship to past initiates
 Family member/intimate partner 0 (0) 1 (100) 0.01 0 (0) 10 (100) 0.36 7 (8.2) 78 (91.8) 0.06
 Friend 15 (26.8) 41 (73.2) 9 (19.2) 38 (80.9) 87 (18.6) 381 (81.4)
 Other 7 (77.8) 2 (22.2) 0 (0) 6 (100) 11 (21.6) 40 (78.4)
 More than one relationship 2 (28.6) 5 (71.4) 5 (21.7) 18 (78.3) 19 (20.9) 72 (79.1)
Reason for initiating
 Personal reason 4 (26.7) 11 (73.3) 0.67 2 (40.0) 3 (60.0) 0.29 7 (15.2) 39 (84.8) 0.29
 Interpersonal reason 14 (26.7) 31 (68.9) 4 (12.9) 27 (87.1) 98 (17.0) 477 (83.0)
 More than one reason 5 (41.7) 7 (58.3) 8 (16.0) 42 (84.0) 17 (24.6) 52 (75.4)

Row percentages add up to 100.

PRIMER, Preventing Injecting by Modifying Existing Responses.