Fig 1.

Embolization of experimental wide-necked aneurysms with the liquid embolic I-PVA:

A, Digital subtraction carotid artery angiogram (DSA) of experimental aneurysm (swine 6, right common carotid artery).

B, Aneurysmography performed before embolization confirms blood flow-arrest while a compliant balloon bridging the aneurysm neck is inflated (arrow indicates tip of the microcatheter within the aneurysm cavity).

C, First cycle of polymer injection. I-PVA is injected within the first 2 minutes of a temporary carotid artery occlusion time of 5 minutes total. Note the good visibility of I-PVA, which accumulates at the tip of the microcatheter, under fluoroscopy.

D, Second cycle of polymer injection. I-PVA enlarges mainly around the microcatheter, gradually filling the aneurysm cavity.

E, Third cycle of polymer injection after which I-PVA appears to completely fill the aneurysm.

F, Immediate postembolization DSA demonstrates almost complete occlusion of the aneurysm with a small neck remnant next to the former microcatheter position (arrow).