Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients grouped by comorbid diabetes status.
| Nondiabetic group (n = 366) |
Diabetic group (n = 95) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nondiabetics (n = 366) |
Normoglycemia (n = 307) | Hyperglycemia (n = 46) | Diabetics (n = 95) |
Normoglycemia (n = 27) | Hyperglycemia (n = 68) | |
| Age, years | 63.0 (53.0-69.0) | 62.0 (52.0-69.0) | 63.5 (55.0-70.0) | 64.0 (54.0-70.0) | 64.0 (61.0-72.0) | 63.5 (55.0-70.0) |
| Male, % | 50.5 | 50.8 | 52.1 | 56.8 | 44.4 | 61.8 |
| BMI | 23.40 (22.20-25.20) | 23.58 (22.60-25.20) | 23.49 (20.70-25.00) | 23.23 (21.65-25.20) | 22.68 (22.03-25.20) | 24.80 (21.50-25.20) |
| Duration of hospitalization, days | 12.00 (10.00-14.00) | 12.00 (10.00-13.00) | 13.50 (10.00-17.250) | 16.00 (14.00-18.00)∗∗ | 14.00 (12.00-15.00) | 16.00 (15.00-18.89)‡‡ |
| Severity | ||||||
| General | 273 (74.6%) | 244 (79.5%) | 19 (41.3%)†† | 56 (58.9%)∗∗ | 18 (66.7%) | 38 (55.9%) |
| Severe and critical | 93 (25.4%) | 63 (20.5%) | 27 (58.7%) | 39 (41.1%) | 9 (33.3%) | 30 (44.1%) |
| WBC, ×109/L | 5.58 (4.39-7.50) | 5.50 (4.40-7.18) | 6.80 (4.90-13.07)†† | 6.59 (4.80-9.00)∗∗ | 5.60 (4.61-7.81) | 6.80 (5.00-10.43)‡ |
| NEU, ×109/L | 3.85 (2.78-5.51) | 3.71 (2.76-5.02) | 5.49 (3.52-11.75)†† | 4.78 (3.21-6.95)∗∗ | 3.74 (3.10-5.57) | 5.12 (3.34-8.07)‡‡ |
| LYM, ×109/L | 1.13 (0.77-1.50) | 1.15 (0.81-1.51) | 0.82 (0.39-1.16)†† | 1.05 (0.67-1.57) | 1.26 (0.69-1.84) | 0.94 (0.65-1.32)‡ |
| PLT, ×109/L | 220.0 (159.5-306.0) | 223.0 (165.0-307.0) | 191.0 (100.0-276.3)† | 209.0 (148.0-280.0) | 219.0 (139.0-256.0) | 208.5 (148.3-289.0) |
| NLR | 3.22 (2.00-5.90) | 3.02 (1.95-4.93) | 8.54 (3.56-18.67)†† | 4.39 (2.47-10.01)∗ | 2.79 (1.73-5.61) | 5.04 (2.84-12.62)‡ |
| PLR | 199.1 (146.3-293.5) | 196.2 (145.7-283.6) | 231.1 (154.2-392.7) | 189.9 (131.3-309.1) | 142.7 (112.9-234.9) | 198.4 (148.0-325.7)‡ |
| Mean BG, mmol/L | 5.54 (4.90-6.65) | 5.35 (4.82-6.10) | 9.09 (8.30-11.50)†† | 9.19 (7.69-12.30)∗∗ | 6.80 (6.30-7.24) | 10.65 (8.73-13.81)‡‡ |
| HbA1c, % | 6.00 (5.70-6.40) | 6.00 (5.70-6.40) | 5.90 (5.60-6.32) | 6.05 (5.80-8.35) | 6.00 (5.80-6.30) | 7.23 (5.75-9.14) |
| PCT, ng/mL | 0.08 (0.05-0.21) | 0.07 (0.05-0.18) | 0.16 (0.07-0.38)†† | 0.13 (0.05-0.34) | 0.06 (0.03-0.12) | 0.18 (0.06-0.43)‡ |
| CRP, mg/L | 16.05 (3.17-64.00) | 13.45 (2.80-51.98) | 52.37 (18.06-135.96)†† | 32.20 (8.36-101.78)∗∗ | 27.33 (3.39-55.60) | 46.94 (9.46-137.44) |
| ESR, mm/h | 37.5 (19.0-61.5) | 37.0 (18.4-60.9) | 39.0 (25.0-108.8) | 48.3 (38.0-64.1)∗ | 39.2 (21.0-60.0) | 49.3 (39.0-75.3) |
Note: Data represent the median (IQR) or n (%). P values were determined using a χ2 test or the Mann–Whitney U test. NA, not applicable. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; BMI: body mass index; WBC: white blood cell count; NEU: neutrophil count; LYM: lymphocyte count; PLT: platelet count; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet to lymphocyte ratio; BG: blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; PCT: procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate. ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01, vs. nondiabetic patients. †P < 0.05; ††P < 0.01, vs. the nondiabetic group, normoglycemia. ‡P < 0.05; ‡‡P < 0.01, vs. the diabetic group, normoglycemia.