Table 1:

Clinical data and AVM features

Patient	Age (yr)	Presentation	Location	Eloquent Tissue at Risk	Grade (size/eloquent/drainage)*	Arterial Supply	VAT AVM/normal (s)
1	65	Headache	Left frontal	Broca area	2/1/0	L M2–3, L ACA	0.67/3.87
2	44	Bleed + seizures	Right frontal-parietal	Primary sensorimotor cortex	2/1/0	R M3–4	0.54/3.74
3	23	Hand/Face numbness	Left frontal-parietal	Primary sensorimotor cortex	1/1/0	L M4	0.27/3.87
4	33	Bleed + headache, expressive dysphasia	Left frontal	Broca area	1/1/0	L M4	NA
5	49	Headache	Left occipital-temporal	Visual cortex, optic radiations	1/1/0	L M4	NA
6	23	Left face/tongue spasms	Right frontal-parietal	Primary sensorimotor cortex	2/1/0	R M3–4	0.4/3.2
7	47	Headache, blurry vision	Left frontal	Broca area	2/1/1	L M1–4, L ACA	0.53/6.13

Note:—VAT indicates venous appearance time with contrast appearance in supraclinoid artery as reference point (t = 0 seconds) for both AVM and normal venous structures; NA, not available (DSA performed elsewhere); R, right; L, left; M1–4, middle cerebral artery branches; ACA, anterior cerebral artery.

^*Spetzler-Martin grade by category (size, involvement of eloquent brain, and drainage pattern) with eloquent regions defined as primary sensorimotor cortex, language and visual cortex, hypothalamus and thalamus, internal capsule, brain stem, and deep cerebellar nuclei.¹