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. 2021 Mar 18;9(3):e001963. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001963

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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CD141⁺ DCs and plasma IL-8, TNFα, IFNγ, and IFNβ are decreased in patients with melanoma who do not respond to immunotherapy. (A) DC subset and CD45⁺ leukocyte numbers in patients with advanced melanoma at pre-treatment, and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks on treatment, segregated as responders (green, n=8) and non-responders (red, n=6). Dotted lines represent median numbers of each subset in healthy donors. Median values are shown. Each symbol represents individual patient. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA. *p<0.05. (B, C) Comparison between responders and non-responders in plasma cytokine and IFN production. (B) IL-8 and TNFα were measured at steady state and (C) IFNγ, and IFNβ were measured post stimulation with PolyIC+R848. Samples were collected at baseline (pre-treatment) or later time points as indicated, across n=4–10 responders and n=4–6 non-responders. Dotted lines represent median values of cytokine production based on healthy controls. Median values are shown. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; DCs, dendritic cells; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.