Table 2.
Description of social isolation status and depression onset
| ELSA* | JAGES | |||
| CES-D 8 score at follow-up | GDS score at follow-up | |||
| <4 | ≥4 | <5 | ≥5 | |
| n=3130 (94.0%) |
n=201 (6.0%) |
n=28 671 (86.5%) |
n=4456 (13.5%) |
|
| Social Isolation Index score, (%) | ||||
| 0 | 27.5 | 13.5 | 4.4 | 3.0 |
| 1 | 31.2 | 29.3 | 18.6 | 14.3 |
| 2 | 17.9 | 18.9 | 29.8 | 26.3 |
| 3 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 26.2 | 27.5 |
| ≥4 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 6.1 | 9.3 |
| Missing | 15.4 | 25.3 | 14.8 | 19.7 |
| Social Isolation Index sub-components, (%) | ||||
| Unmarried or living alone | 71.9 | 58.5 | 88.3 | 85.2 |
| No | ||||
| Yes | 28.1 | 41.5 | 10.2 | 12.7 |
| Missing | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| Poor interaction with children | 81.8 | 73.4 | 26.6 | 25.0 |
| No | ||||
| Yes | 12.5 | 14.7 | 71.7 | 72.9 |
| Missing | 5.7 | 11.8 | 1.7 | 2.1 |
| Poor interaction with relatives | 76.3 | 68.1 | 41.1 | 38.7 |
| No | ||||
| Yes | 17.3 | 18.6 | 54.4 | 56.0 |
| Missing | 6.4 | 13.4 | 4.5 | 5.4 |
| Poor interaction with friends | 72.2 | 66.0 | 37.1 | 31.2 |
| No | ||||
| Yes | 18.4 | 21.6 | 58.2 | 63.8 |
| Missing | 9.4 | 12.4 | 4.6 | 5.0 |
| No social participation | 61.7 | 46.3 | 75.0 | 63.9 |
| No | ||||
| Yes | 28.4 | 32.5 | 13.0 | 20.0 |
| Missing | 10.0 | 21.2 | 11.7 | 16.1 |
*ELSA data after sampling weight.
CES-D 8, eight items from the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; ELSA, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; JAGES, Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.