Table 4.

Association between subcomponents of social isolation and depression onset: multivariable logistic regression analysis

	ELSA	JAGES
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Social Isolation Index subcomponents (reference: none)
Unmarried or living alone	1.13 (0.80 to 1.60)	1.11† (1.00 to 1.24)
Poor interaction with children	1.55† (1.00 to 2.41)	1.09* (1.01 to 1.19)
Poor interaction with relatives	1.24 (0.79 to 1.94)	1.04 (0.96 to 1.12)
Poor interaction with friends	1.15 (0.77 to 1.71)	1.03 (0.95 to 1.11)
No social participation	1.22 (0.80 to 1.87)	1.28*** (1.17 to 1.40)

Adjusted for age, gender, educational attainment, equivalent income, present illness (cancer, heart disease and stroke), self-rated health, smoking, drinking and depression score at baseline (eight items from the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for the ELSA and Geriatric Depression Scale for the JAGES).

*P<0.05; ***P<0.001;†P<0.1.

ELSA, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; JAGES, Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.