Table 3.
Outcome measures at baseline and 3-month follow-up across CG and IG
| Control group | Intervention group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 30) | 3 months (n = 27) | p value | Baseline (n = 27) | 3 months (n = 23) | p value | Group-time interaction p value | |
| Frailty status | 1.33 ± 0.55 | 1.07 ± 0.73 | 0.034* | 1.30 ± 0.54 | 0.96 ± 0.77 | 0.010* | 0.637 |
| HGS (kg) | 17.40 ± 3.95 | 18.64 ± 4.81 | 0.020* | 18.10 ± 3.65 | 18.70 ± 4.52 | 0.117 | 0.642 |
| KES (kg) | 16.66 ± 5.89 | 16.56 ± 4.22 | 0.928 | 15.87 ± 5.83 | 17.00 ± 4.82 | 0.197 | 0.313 |
| TUG (s) | 9.22 ± 3.27 | 9.50 ± 4.13 | 0.706 | 8.92 ± 2.49 | 8.32 ± 2.27 | 0.071 | 0.113 |
| SPPB (pt) | 10.90 ± 1.65 | 10.81 ± 2.00 | 0.937 | 10.85 ± 1.46 | 11.52 ± 0.73 | 0.008* | 0.043* |
| Balance (pt) | 3.73 ± 0.58 | 3.59 ± 0.80 | 0.169 | 3.67 ± 0.68 | 3.74 ± 0.54 | 0.622 | 0.195 |
| Gait speed (pt) | 3.73 ± 0.58 | 3.70 ± 0.67 | 0.938 | 3.78 ± 0.58 | 3.91 ± 0.29 | 0.327 | 0.439 |
| Chair stand (pt) | 3.43 ± 1.04 | 3.44 ± 1.09 | 0.628 | 3.41 ± 0.69 | 3.87 ± 0.34 | 0.002* | 0.045* |
Model adjusted for age, gender, and physical activity levels
Data presented in mean ± SD
HGS handgrip strength, KES knee extensor strength, TUG timed up and go, SPPB short physical performance battery
*p < 0.05