Table 1.
Clinical, laboratory and radiographic characteristics and initial antifungal therapy outcomes in the 1079 patients with HIV-associated talaromycosis
| Outcome [n (%)] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characters | Total (n = 1079) | Good (n = 928) | Poor (n = 151) | Statistics | P-value |
| Age [mean (SD)] | 38.8 (11.9) | 38.5 (11.9) | 40.0 (11.7) | − 1.48a | 0.14 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 861 (79.8) | 741 (79.8) | 120 (79.5) | 0.01b | 0.91 |
| Female | 218 (20.2) | 187 (20.2) | 31 (20.5) | ||
| Intravenous drug | 111 (10.3) | 98 (10.6) | 13 (8.6) | 0.54b | 0.48 |
| 968 (89.7) | 830 (89.4) | 138 (91.4) | |||
| ART history before hospitalization | 109 (10.1) | 97 (10.5) | 12 (7.9) | 0.85b | 0.36 |
| Fever | 924 (85.6) | 790 (85.1) | 134 (88.7) | 1.38b | 0.24 |
| Respiratory symptoms | 734 (68.0) | 630 (67.9) | 104 (68.9) | 0.02b | 0.88 |
| Digestive symptoms | 478 (44.3) | 397 (42.8) | 81 (53.6) | 6.21b | 0.01 |
| Weight loss | 537 (49.8) | 462 (49.8) | 75 (49.7) | 0.00b | 0.98 |
| Skin lesions | 480 (44.5) | 404 (43.5) | 76 (50.3) | 2.43b | 0.12 |
| Chest imaging abnormality | 896/1047 (85.6) | 785/912 (86.1) | 111/135 (82.2) | 1.41b | 0.23 |
| Splenomegaly | 538/985 (54.6) | 489/876 (55.8) | 49/109 (45.0) | 4.62b | 0.032 |
| Hepatomegaly | 510/986 (51.7) | 466/877 (53.1) | 44/109 (40.4) | 6.33b | 0.012 |
| CD4 [median (IQR)] | 9.0 (4.0–20.0) | 10.0 (5.0–21.0) | 7.5 (3.0–14.8) | 63 636c | 0.007 |
| CD4/CD8 [median (IQR)] | 0.04 (0.02–0.08) | 0.04 (0.02–0.09) | 0.04 (0.02–0.07) | 58 822c | 0.25 |
| Anaemia | 1031 (95.6) | 888 (95.7) | 143 (94.7) | 0.30b | 0.59 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 579 (53.7) | 465 (50.1) | 114 (75.5) | 33.7b | < 0.001 |
| WBC countd | |||||
| Normal | 572 (53.0) | 503 (54.2) | 69 (45.7) | 64.1b | < 0.001 |
| Leucocytosis | 91 (8.4) | 53 (5.7) | 38 (25.2) | ||
| Leucopenia | 416 (38.6) | 372 (40.1) | 44 (29.1) | ||
| Hypoalbuminaemia | 1043/1058 (98.6) | 906/921 (98.4) | 137/137 (100.0) | 1.25b | 0.26 |
| Elevated ALT | 398/1060 (37.5) | 335/921 (36.4) | 63/139 (45.3) | 4.13b | 0.04 |
| Elevated AST | 822/1069 (76.9) | 689/924 (74.6) | 133/145 (91.7) | 20.8b | < 0.001 |
| Elevated TBIL | 138/1057 (13.1) | 95/920 (10.3) | 43/137 (31.4) | 46.60b | < 0.001 |
| Elevated ALP | 585/1049 (55.8) | 493/913 (54.0) | 92/136 (67.6) | 8.9b | 0.002 |
| Elevated creatinine | 84/1068 (7.9) | 40/923 (4.3) | 44/145 (30.3) | 117.0b | < 0.001 |
| Co-infected with TB | 233 (21.6) | 213 (23.0) | 20 (13.2) | 7.35b | 0.006 |
| Co-infected with CMV | 187 (17.3) | 152 (16.4) | 35 (23.2) | 4.19b | 0.04 |
| Positive Talaromyces marneffei in blood culture | 696/1045 (66.6) | 585/905 (64.6) | 111/140 (79.3) | 11.7b | < 0.001 |
| Positive T. marneffei in bone marrow | 685/919 (74.5) | 616/821 (75.0) | 69/98 (70.4) | 0.986b | 0.321 |
| Initial antifungal therapy | |||||
| AMB + azole | 451 (41.8) | 412 (44.4) | 39 (25.8) | 37.8b | < 0.001 |
| AMB alone | 147 (13.6) | 137 (14.8) | 10 (6.6) | ||
| Azole alone | 481 (44.6) | 379 (40.8)d | 102 (67.5)d | ||
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AMB, amphotericin B; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CMV, cytomegalovirus; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; TB, tuberculosis; TBIL, total bilirubin; WBC, white blood cell.
Reference ranges: WBC, 3.5–9.5 × 109 cells/L; Hb, 130–175 g/L; platelet, 125–350 × 109; albumin, 40–55 g/L; ALT, 9–50 U/L; AST, 15–40 U/L; elevated TBIL, > 26 μmol/L; elevated ALP, > 125 U/L; elevated creatinine, > 133 μmol/L.
a
t-test;
b
χ2 test;
c
Wilcoxon rank-sum test;
d
Significant difference with other two groups.