Fig. 1.

Concept Map of U.S. Federal Policies related to Uninsured Immigrant Populations’ Health Care Access in 2020 during COVID-19. This conceptual map theorizes ways three federal laws and policies implemented in 2020—(1) The Final Rule for Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds; (2) the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act; and (3) the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA)—may have influenced access to health care and health-seeking behaviors among uninsured immigrants and their families across levels of the social ecology during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This conceptual map builds from previous work by Cholera et al. (2020); Clark et al. (2020); Derr (2016); Duncan and Horton (2020); Hacker et al. (2015); Page et al., 2020; National Immigration Law Center (2020); Schwartz and Tolbert (2020); Wilson and Stimpson (2020).