Table 3.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Composite Reliability Values of the Ostomy Adjustment Scale Measures
| Stand Coeff. | |
|---|---|
| Cov. (Daily activities, Self-esteem) | 0.48 |
| Cov. (Daily activities, Psychological/existential) | 0.30 |
| Cov. (Daily activities, Health) | 0.40 |
| Cov. (Daily activities, Sexuality) | 0.30 |
| Cov. (Daily activities, Knowledge skills) | 0.37 |
| Cov. (Daily activities, Health professionals) | 0.25 |
| Cov. (Self-esteem, Psychological/existential) | 0.30 |
| Cov. (Self-esteem, Health) | 0.43 |
| Cov. (Self-esteem, Sexuality) | 0.24 |
| Cov. (Self-esteem, Knowledge skills) | 0.33 |
| Cov. (Self-esteem, Health professionals) | 0.30 |
| Cov. (Psychological/existential, Health) | 0.29 |
| Cov. (Psychological/existential, Sexuality) | 0.17 |
| Cov. (Psychological/existential, Knowledge skills) | 0.21 |
| Cov. (Psychological/existential, Health professionals) | 0.18 |
| Cov. (Health, Sexuality) | 0.18 |
| Cov. (Health,Knowledge and skills) | 0.40 |
| Cov. (Health, Health professionals) | 0.31 |
| Cov. (Sexuality, Knowledge skills) | 0.17 |
| Cov. (Sexuality, Health professionals) | 0.12 |
| Cov. (Knowledge skills, Health professionals) | 0.22 |
| Daily activities (composite reliability = 0.87) | |
| Item 1: I can lead a productive and fulfilling life despite my ostomy | 0.86 |
| Item 2: I think I am leading quite a normal life despite my ostomy | 0.77 |
| Item 3: There are many things I would do if I did not have an ostomy* | 0.74 |
| Item 4: I feel free to travel where I want despite my ostomy | 0.65 |
| Item 5: I have felt comfortable participating in sports and physical exercise since my ostomy surgery | 0.71 |
| Item 6: I find that I unnecessarily restrict the range of my activities because of my ostomy* | 0.45 |
| Item 7: I have been better able to work since I had my ostomy surgery | 0.53 |
| Item 32: I feel confident that I can trust my appliance when I am in public places | 0.64 |
| Knowledge and skills (composite reliability = 0.80) | |
| Item 21: I feel that I am well-educated about my stoma and caring for it | 0.87 |
| Item 22: I am confident that I know the proper methods for managing my ostomy | 0.76 |
| Self-esteem (composite reliability = 0.88) | |
| Item 9: At times I lack self-confidence because of my ostomy* | 0.70 |
| Item 10: I feel ashamed of my ostomy, as if it were a sign of my own physical or emotional weakness* | 0.74 |
| Item 12: My self-respect has not suffered because of my ostomy | 0.54 |
| Item 13: I feel somehow “dirty” and “unclean” because of my ostomy* | 0.87 |
| Item 14: I leave places early to avoid producing embarrassing odors in the bathroom* | 0.60 |
| Item 15: I feel comfortable with my body, including my stoma | 0.56 |
| Item 26: I feel embarrassed by my ostomy, as though it were something to hide* | 0.74 |
| Item 28: I can laugh afterwards about my awkward situations that happen because of my stoma | 0.41 |
| Item 31: I think other people would be uncomfortable around me if they knew about my stoma* | 0.74 |
| Existential/psychological (composite reliability = 0.80) | |
| Item 11: At times I resent my friends who do not have ostomies or the health problems that lead to ostomy surgery* | 0.46 |
| Item 16: I feel that I am somehow being punished for something by having this ostomy* | 0.63 |
| Item 17: I get depressed when I realize that I will have this ostomy for the rest of my life* | 0.88 |
| Item 25: I worry more than I used to about being left alone* | 0.76 |
| Item 29: Most of the time, I forget about my ostomy, and am not aware of it | 0.61 |
| Item 33: My ostomy surgery helped me decide what things are most important in my life | 0.42 |
| Health (composite reliability = 0.72) | |
| Item 23: Since I have had my surgery, I feel I am more likely to get sick than other people* | 0.70 |
| Item 24: I find myself worrying that my surgery did not really cure my health problems* | 0.77 |
| Item 34: My ostomy reminds me how fortunate I am to have received good medical care | 0.56 |
| Health Professionals (composite reliability = 0.78) | |
| Item 18: I can discuss even the most embarrassing aspects of my ostomy with my doctor | 0.51 |
| Item 19: I feel like a complainer when I have to contact my doctor or ET about my ostomy* | 0.84 |
| Item 20: I avoid telling my doctor about changes in my stoma and its functioning* | 0.84 |
| Sexuality (composite reliability = 0.74) | |
| Item 8: I am more able to enjoy sexual activities because of improved health since having ostomy surgery | 0.46 |
| Item 27: I feel I am not as sexually attractive as I used to be because of my stoma* | 0.68 |
| Item 30: I worry about embarrassing accidents happening in the course of normal sexual activity* | 0.91 |
Note: Negative statements were inverted to a positive scale (marked with*).