Table 5.
Treatments, effects and side effects. Ranked in order of frequency of administration of individual medications.
| Type of treatment | Route of administration | Number of treated dogs (%) | Monotherapy | Combination therapy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full or partial vision recovery | Mild side effects | Severe side effects | Full or partial vision recovery | Most frequent combination resulting in vision recovery (n) | Mild side effects | Severe side effects | |||
| Corticosteroids | oral | 109 (54.5%) | 1/41 | 29/42 # (69.0%) | 4/40 $ (10.0%) | 13/65 * (20.0%) | + parenteral steroid injection + thyroid supplementation (5) | 37/64 # (57.8%) | 6/64 $ (9.4%) |
| Thyroid supplementation | oral | 57 (28.5%) | 1/12 | 5/12 # (41.7%) | 0/12 | 7/40 * (17.5%) | + oral steroids + parenteral steroid injection (5) | 14/30 # (46.7%) | 3/30 $ (10%) |
| Other | NA | 49 (24.5%) | 0/16 | 3/15 | 0/15 | 4/30 * (13.3%) | + oral steroids + cyclosporine (2) | 23/40 # (57.5%) | 3/40 $ (7.5%) |
| Melatonin | oral | 28 (14.0%) | 0/8 | 1/8 | 0/8 | 0/15 | 7/16 # (43.8%) | 0/15 | |
| Corticosteroids | Topical ophthalmic | 24 (12.0%) | 1/5 * (20%) | 0/5 | 0/5 | 2/18 * (11.1%) | + oral steroids (2) | 6/18 # (33.3%) | 2/18 $ (11.1%) |
| Tetracyclines | oral | 24 (12.0%) | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1/1 $ (100%) | 1/22 | 9/22 # (40.9%) | 1/22 | |
| Cyclosporine | oral | 21 (10.5%) | 0/2 | 3/3 # (100%) | 0/2 | 3/18 * (16.7%) | + oral steroids + tetracycline (2) | 12/17 # (70.6%) | 2/17 $ (11.1%) |
| Corticosteroids | Parenteral injection (non-ocular) | 16 (8.0%) | NA | NA | NA | 5/16 * (31.3%) | + oral steroids + thyroid supplementation (5) | 10/16 # (62.5%) | 0/16 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | oral | 11 (5.5%) | 0/8 | 3/8 # (37.5%) | 1/8 $ (12.5%) | 0/3 | 3/3 # (100%) | 0/3 | |
| Immunoglobulin | intravitreal | 9 (4.5%) | NA | NA | NA | 2/9 * (22.2%) | + oral steroids + other (2) | 5/9 # (55.6%) | 1/9 $ (11.1%) |
| Corticosteroids | Parenteral injection (ocular) | 5 (2.5%) | NA | NA | NA | 0/5 | 3/5 # (60.0%) | 0/5 | |
| Cyclophosphamide | oral | 3 (1.5%) | NA | NA | NA | 0/3 | 2/3 # (66.7%) | 0/3 | |
| Immunoglobulin | intravenous | 3 (1.5%) | NA | NA | NA | 1/3 * (33.3%) | + oral steroids + oral cyclosporine + oral tetracycline + oral niacinamide (1) | 1/3 # (33.3%) | 1/3 $ (33.3%) |
| Azathioprine | oral | 2 (1.0%) | NA | NA | NA | 0/2 | 1/2 # (50.0%) | 0/2 | |
| Niacinamide | oral | 1 (0.5%) | NA | NA | NA | 1/1 * (100%) | + intravenous immunoglobulin + oral steroids + oral cyclosporine + oral tetracycline (1) | 1/1 # (100%) | 1/1 $ (100%) |
| Any form of treatment | 200 (46.1% of all responses) | 3/93 (3.2%) | 44/94 # (46.8%) | 6/91 $ (6.6%) | 13/90 * (14.4%) | Oral steroids + parenteral steroid injection + thyroid supplementation (5) | 45/89 # (50.1%) | 6/89 $ (6.7%) | |
| No treatment | 234 (53.9% of all responses) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
Key:
*
indicates >10% of treated animals had full or partial vision recovery reported in that treatment group
#
indicates reported mild side effects affecting >25% of treated dogs
$
indicates reported severe side effects affecting >5% of treated dogs.