Table 1.
Characteristics of 548 participants from Project Viva, overall and by quartiles of the dietary pattern 1 (frequently packaged foods and fish) scorea assessed in early childhood
| Dietary pattern 1 score, quartilesb |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall N = 548 |
Q1 N = 137 |
Q2 N = 137 |
Q3 N = 137 |
Q4 N = 137 |
|
| Median (IQR) or N (%) | |||||
| Child characteristics | |||||
| Age at dietary assessment (years) | 3.1 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.2) |
| Female, N (%) | 258 (47) | 61 (45) | 62 (45) | 64 (47) | 71 (52) |
| Race/ethnicity, N (%) | |||||
| White | 349 (64) | 88 (64) | 85 (62) | 91 (66) | 85 (62) |
| Black | 99 (18) | 27 (20) | 28 (20) | 23 (17) | 21 (15) |
| Hispanic | 22 (4) | 4 (2.9) | 4 (2.9) | 7 (5.1) | 7 (5.1) |
| Asian | 12 (2) | 2 (1.5) | 3 (2.2) | 1 (0.7) | 6 (4.4) |
| Other | 66 (12) | 16 (12) | 17 (12) | 15 (11) | 18 (13) |
| Age at PFAS assessment (years) | 7.7 (0.8) | 7.6 (0.9) | 7.7 (0.8) | 7.7 (0.8) | 7.7 (0.8) |
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Age at initial enrollment (years) | 32.8 (6.7) | 31.7 (7.0) | 32.5 (8.1) | 33.0 (5.5) | 33.6 (5.6) |
| College graduate, N (%) | 378 (69) | 84 (61) | 89 (65) | 105 (77) | 100 (73) |
| Household income, N (%) | |||||
| < $40,000/year | 87 (16) | 22 (16) | 25 (18) | 22 (16) | 18 (13) |
| $40,000 - $70,000/year | 117 (21) | 31 (23) | 33 (24) | 18 (13) | 35 (26) |
| >$70,000/year | 344 (63) | 84 (61) | 79 (58) | 97 (71) | 84 (61) |
Abbreviations: PFAS – Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance; Q1 – First/lowest quartile; IQR – Interquartile range; PFOS – Perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFOA – Perfluorooctanoate; PFDA – Perfluorodecanoate; PFHxS – Perfluorohexane sulfonate; MeFOSAA – 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate; PFNA – Perfluorononanoate
Factor score corresponding to the dietary pattern that explained the most variation in PFAS plasma concentrations in the reduced rank regression analysis. This score represents the strength of a participant’s adherence to dietary pattern 1 (frequently packaged foods and fish), with higher scores representing greater adherence
Quartile minimum and maximum values: Q1 [−2.53,−0.43], Q2 (−0.43,−0.069], Q3 (−0.069, 0.46], Q4 (0.46, 2.6]