Table 1.

Shared components of the protein synthesis machinery in aging and neurodegeneration.

Name	Function	Aging	Neurodegeneration
eIF1	43S complex formation, start codon selection	1, 2	17
eIF2	Ternary complex (TC) formation	2,3,4	Reviewed in 11
eIF2B	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for eIF2	4	10
eIF3	Binds to the 40S subunit, 43S PIC attachment to mRNA	1,4	Reviewed in 15
eIF3a	40S binding, eIF4B binding, TC and mRNA recruitment	1	-
eIF3b	40S binding, TC and mRNA recruitment, scanning	1	-
eIF3c	40S binding, TC formation and scanning	2	-
eIF3d	Binds 40S subunit	2	-
eIF3f	Possible binding for mTOR and S6 kinase	1	Reviewed in 15
eIF3g	40S binding, Binds eIF4B	2	Reviewed in 15
eIF3h	Re-initiation of upstream ORFs, selective mRNA translation	2	-
eIF4A	DEAD-box RNA helicase, unwinds secondary structure	1,2	Reviewed in 16
eIF4B	Stimulatory factor of eIF4A helicase	2	Reviewed in 16
eIF4E	Cap- binding protein, part of the eIF4F complex	5	Reviewed in 16
eIF4G	Scaffolding protein, part of the eIF4F complex	1,3,6	Reviewed in 16
eIF5	Induces hydrolysis of eIF2-GTP on start codon recognition	2	-
eIF5A	Peptide bond formation, ribosome transit during elongation	2,7	-
eIF5B	Ribosome-dependent GTP-ase, ribosome subunit joining	2	-
eEF1A1	Isoform of eEF1A, aminoacylated (aa) tRNA delivery	2	-
eEF1A2	Isoform of eEF1A, aa- tRNA delivery to ribosome	-	Reviewed in 8
eEF1B2	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, delivers aa- tRNA	2	-
eEF1D	Delivery of aa- tRNAs to the ribosome for elongation	2	18
eEF1G	Delivery of aa- tRNAs to the ribosome for elongation	2	-
eEF2	Catalyzes ribosome translocation after peptide bond formation	2, 23	9
eEF2K	Phosphorylates eEF2 to inhibit elongation	23	Reviewed in 24
eRF1	Terminates translation	-	25
GTBP2	Ribosome recycling factor	-	12, 13, 14
tRNA synthetases	Catalyzes the esterification of cognate amino acid to the cognate tRNA molecule	4, 26	Reviewed in 8 and 19
Ribosomal Proteins	Components of the ribosome	1,2, 3,4, 20	21, Reviewed in 22

Table Legend: Numbers indicate primary literature or reviews containing primary literature.

1- (Curran & Ruvkun, 2007); 2- (Ximerakis et al., 2019); 3- (Hansen et al., 2007); 4- (Chen et al., 2007); 5- (Syntichaki et al., 2007); 6- (Pan et al., 2007); 7- (Poon et al., 2006); 8- (Kapur et al., 2017); 9- (Hekman et al., 2012); 10- (Bugiani et al., 2010); 11- (Moon, Sonenberg, & Parker, 2018); 12- (Jaberi et al., 2016); 13- (Bertoli-Avella et al., 2018); 14- (Ishimura et al., 2014); 15- (Gomes-Duarte, Lacerda, Menezes, & Romao, 2018); 16- (Wolozin & Ivanov, 2019); 17- (P. Garcia-Esparcia et al., 2015); 18- (Schulte et al., 2014); 19- (Meyer-Schuman & Antonellis, 2017); 20- (Chiocchetti et al., 2007); 21- (Ding, Markesbery, Chen, Li, & Keller, 2005); 22- (Hetman & Slomnicki, 2019); 23- (Xie et al., 2019); 24- (Liu & Proud, 2016);25- (Ortega et al., 2020); 26- (Gabius et al., 1982)