Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses for early recurrence
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value |
| Tumor size | 1.188 | 1.085, 1.301 | < 0.001 | … | … | … |
| Multiple tumors | 2.317 | 1.159, 4.631 | 0.017 | … | … | … |
| LI-RADS major features | ||||||
| Tumor size ≥ 20 mm | 3.227 | 0.446, 23.349 | 0.246 | … | … | … |
| Non-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Non-peripheral washout | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Enhancing capsule | 1.382 | 0.739, 2.584 | 0.311 | … | … | … |
| LI-RADS ancillary features (favoring HCC in particular) | ||||||
| Non-enhancing capsule | 0.475 | 0.203, 1.112 | 0.086 | … | … | … |
| Nodule-in-nodule architecture | 1.637 | 0.933, 2.873 | 0.086 | … | … | … |
| Mosaic architecture | 1.461 | 0.752, 2.838 | 0.264 | … | … | … |
| Fat in mass, more than adjacent liver | 0.562 | 0.265, 1.194 | 0.134 | … | … | … |
| Blood products in mass | 1.496 | 0.871, 2.571 | 0.145 | … | … | … |
| LI-RADS ancillary features (favoring malignancy, not HCC in particular) | ||||||
| Transitional phase hypointensity | 1.162 | 0.161, 8.413 | 0.882 | … | … | … |
| Restricted diffusion | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Corona enhancement | 2.880 | 1.656, 5.010 | < 0.001 | 2.116 | 1.172, 3.820 | 0.013 |
| Fat sparing in solid mass | 2.738 | 0.843, 8.892 | 0.094 | … | … | … |
| Hepatobiliary phase hypointensity | 2.430 | 0.336, 17.583 | 0.379 | … | … | … |
| Iron sparing in solid mass | 0.049 | 0.000, 1631.454 | 0.570 | … | … | … |
| Tumor in vein | 2.332 | 1.290, 4.217 | 0.005 | … | … | … |
| Non-LIRADS imaging features | ||||||
| Non-smooth tumor margin | 1.462 | 0.846, 2.526 | 0.174 | … | … | … |
| Peritumoral hypointensity on HBP | 2.759 | 1.566, 4.859 | < 0.001 | 2.262 | 1.248, 4.100 | 0.007 |
| Incomplete tumor capsule | 1.442 | 0.834, 2.492 | 0.190 | … | … | … |
| Satellite nodule | 3.490 | 1.764, 6.905 | < 0.001 | 2.777 | 1.369, 5.634 | 0.005 |
| Clinical factors | ||||||
| Serum AFP level > 400 ng/mL | 2.107 | 1.224, 3.628 | 0.007 | 1.975 | 1.136, 3.437 | 0.016 |
| BCLC stage | ||||||
| 0–A† | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| AB†† | 1.762 | 0.861, 3.605 | 0.121 | … | … | … |
| B | 2.428 | 0.855, 6.900 | 0.096 | … | … | … |
| C | 3.407 | 1.601, 7.248 | 0.001 | … | … | … |
Variables with p < 0.1 in univariate analysis were applied to multivariate analysis using a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model
AFP alpha-fetoprotein, BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, CI confidence interval, HBP hepatobiliary phase, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, HR hazard ratio, LI-RADS Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System
†Used as the reference category
††BCLC stage AB was defined as a single large (> 5 cm) HCC with Child-Pugh class A–B and performance status 0 and without vascular invasion