Table 1.

Altered pathways in COVID-19 The most differential pathways in COVID-19 (with dist. $\ge 2$) are shown in the table.

Pathway name	dist.	+/−	#EC	Type
Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis	5.04*	−	2	Biosynthesis of other secondary metabol.
Carbapenem biosynthesis	3.84*	−	2	Biosynthesis of other secondary metabol.
Glycosphingolipid biosynth. - globo and isoglobo series	3.75*	−	2	Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
Novobiocin biosynthesis	3.28*	−	3	Biosynthesis of other secondary metabol.
Sphingolipid metabolism	2.90	−	5	Lipid metabolism
Ether lipid metabolism	2.82	−	3	Lipid metabolism
Other glycan degradation	2.64	−	4	Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
Glycerolipid metabolism	2.11	−	5	Lipid metabolism
Acarbose and validamycin biosynthesis	3.47*	+	2	Biosynthesis of other secondary metabol.
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis	3.47*	+	2	Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism	2.45	+	2	Carbohydrate metabolism
N-Glycan biosynthesis	2.38	+	2	Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
Butanoate metabolism	2.33	+	11	Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis	2.09	+	24	Carbohydrate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism	2.04	+	2	Metabolism of other amino acids

Here dist. denotes the pathway score’s distance from the median, divided by the scaled median absolute deviation. Pathways that are determined outliers (dist. $\ge 3$) are marked with *. The direction of the change in COVID-19 (+/−), the number of associated EC features per pathway detected from functional profiling (#EC), and the pathway type are also shown.